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Immunohistological study in chordomas.

J M Coindre, J Rivel, M Trojani

The Journal of Pathology

|September 1, 1986

Summary

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This study identifies a unique immunohistochemical profile for chordoma tumors. This characteristic staining pattern helps differentiate chordomas from other similar cancers.

Area of Science:

Oncology
Pathology
Immunohistochemistry

Background:

Chordomas are rare bone tumors that can be challenging to diagnose.
Distinguishing chordomas from other tumors like chondrosarcomas, liposarcomas, and carcinomas is crucial for appropriate treatment.
Immunohistochemistry is a valuable tool in tumor diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine a characteristic immunohistochemical staining pattern for chordomas.
To evaluate the utility of specific antibodies in differentiating chordomas from other tumors.

Main Methods:

An immunohistological study was conducted on paraffin-embedded tissue samples.
Samples included 15 chordomas, 6 chondrosarcomas, 4 liposarcomas, and 7 carcinomas.
Antibodies used were anti-cytokeratin, anti-epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), anti-S100 protein, anti-vimentin, and anti-neurofilaments.

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Main Results:

Chordomas exhibited a characteristic immunophenotype: positive for cytokeratin, EMA, S100 protein, and vimentin.
Chordomas were negative for neurofilaments.
This specific staining profile clearly distinguished chordomas from the other evaluated tumor types.

Conclusions:

The combination of cytokeratin, EMA, S100 protein, and vimentin positivity, along with neurofilament negativity, is a reliable diagnostic marker for chordoma.
Immunohistochemistry provides a definitive method for differentiating chordomas from chondrosarcomas, liposarcomas, and carcinomas.