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Comprehensive & Cost Effective Laboratory Monitoring of HIV/AIDS: an African Role Model

Comprehensive & Cost Effective Laboratory Monitoring of HIV/AIDS: an African Role Model

Published on: October 31, 2010

PCP: thinking beyond HIV.

Alexei Gonzalez-Estrada¹, James Fernandez

¹Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.

BMJ Case Reports

|December 7, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This case highlights idiopathic CD4 lymphocytopenia, a rare condition causing immune deficiency. Early diagnosis and prophylaxis are crucial for managing opportunistic infections in these patients.

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Amplifying and Quantifying HIV-1 RNA in HIV Infected Individuals with Viral Loads Below the Limit of Detection by Standard Clinical Assays

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Published on: September 26, 2011

Area of Science:

Immunology
Infectious Diseases

Background:

A 40-year-old male with a history of opportunistic infections and negative HIV tests presented with low lymphocyte counts.
This presentation suggested a potential immunodeficiency despite the absence of a confirmed HIV diagnosis.

Observation:

The patient exhibited recurrent opportunistic infections and consistently low CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts (<300 cells/µL).
Despite multiple negative HIV tests, the persistent lymphocytopenia indicated a significant cellular immunity defect.

Findings:

The diagnosis of idiopathic CD4 lymphocytopenia (ICL) was established, characterized by profound CD4+ T-cell depletion without an identifiable cause like HIV.
The patient was initiated on prophylactic antibiotics to prevent severe infections such as Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (MAI).

Implications:

This case underscores the necessity of comprehensive immunological evaluation in individuals with unexplained opportunistic infections and cellular immune deficits.
It emphasizes that ICL should be considered in the differential diagnosis of immunodeficiency, even in the presence of negative HIV serology.
Timely diagnosis and management, including prophylaxis, are vital for improving outcomes and preventing life-threatening infections in patients with ICL.