Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 5, 2026
Utilizing a Cranial Window to Visualize the Middle Cerebral Artery During Endothelin-1 Induced Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion
Published on: February 22, 2013
Endoscopic anatomy of the middle ethmoidal artery
Liang Wang1, Ahmed Youseef, Abdul Aziz Al Qahtani
1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 1st Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
Background:
The purpose of this study was to describe the incidence of the middle ethmoidal artery and its anatomical nuances via an endoscopic endonasal approach.
Methods:
A cadaveric study was performed on 22 adult specimens. First, a frontal sinusotomy and ethmoidectomy were performed via an endoscopic endonasal approach in order to fully expose the anterior skull base. Subsequently, the lamina papyracea and the bone of the canals covering the ethmoidal neurovascular bundles were removed to identify the anterior, middle, and posterior ethmoidal arteries. Presence, laterality, and location of the middle ethmoidal artery were recorded.
Results:
A total of 14 middle ethmoidal arteries were identified (10 right and 4 left), among 44 sides (22 specimens), accounting for an incidence of 31.8%. Bilateral middle ethmoidal arteries were found in 3 of 22 specimens (14%). Endonasal endoscopy features of the middle ethmoidal artery were noted.
Conclusion:
This is the first study assessing the anatomical features of the middle ethmoidal arteries from an endonasal endoscopic perspective. The findings of this research have clinical significance in guiding surgeries that involve the medial orbital wall, intractable epistaxis, and anterior skull base pathologies, as well as endoscopic endonasal surgeries.
Related Concept Videos
01:10The Arch of Aorta
Encircling the heart, the coronary arteries form a ring-like structure before...
01:27Cranial Bones: Lateral View
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
01:26Arteries of the Head and Neck
The internal carotid arteries supply blood to the anterior portion of the cerebrum. They enter the...