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Detecting inter-cusp and inter-tooth wear patterns in rhinocerotids.

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Summary

Rhino tooth wear patterns reveal adaptations to browsing and grazing diets. New methods show distinct wear on cusps and teeth, differentiating species based on food sources and abrasive intake.

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Area of Science:

  • Paleontology and Evolutionary Biology
  • Mammalian Herbivore Ecology
  • Dental Microwear Analysis

Background:

  • Extant rhinos are large herbivores with specialized diets (browsing and grazing).
  • The adaptive significance of tooth wear patterns in rhinos remains understudied.
  • Previous research lacked detailed analysis of individual cusp and tooth wear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate upper cheek dentition wear patterns in four rhino species with different diets.
  • To investigate inter-cusp and inter-tooth wear using an adapted extended mesowear method (EM(R)-S).
  • To correlate tooth wear patterns with dietary specializations and abrasive intake.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an adapted extended mesowear method (EM(R)-S) for rhino upper cheek teeth.
  • Analyzed dentition from browsing (Diceros bicornis, Rhinoceros sondaicus), mixed-feeding (R. unicornis), and grazing (Ceratotherium simum) species.
  • Scored individual cusps to assess inter-cusp and inter-tooth wear variations.

Main Results:

  • Browsers (D. bicornis, R. sondaicus) showed attrition-dominated wear; grazers (C. simum) showed abrasion-dominated wear.
  • Mixed-feeder R. unicornis exhibited more attrition than expected, suggesting lower abrasive intake.
  • EM(R)-S revealed significant inter-cusp and inter-tooth differences, with browsers showing wear gradients (premolars to molars) and grazers showing uniform wear.

Conclusions:

  • Tooth wear patterns in rhinos reflect dietary specializations and abrasive exposure.
  • Heterogeneous occlusal surfaces in browsers aid in processing varied browse, while grazers' uniform surfaces facilitate grass comminution.
  • Wear gradients in browsers may relate to grit loads on premolars, while uniform wear in grazers could link to homodonty evolution.