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The Hall Effect

The Hall Effect

Edwin H. Hall, in the year 1879, devised an experiment that could be used to identify the polarity of the predominant charge carriers in a conducting material. From a historical perspective, this experiment was the first to demonstrate that the charge carriers in most metals are negative.

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Advanced Experimental Methods for Low-temperature Magnetotransport Measurement of Novel Materials

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Electrically tunable anomalous Hall effect in Pt thin films.

Sunao Shimizu¹, Kei S Takahashi, Takafumi Hatano

¹RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.

Physical Review Letters

|December 10, 2013

Summary

Applying an electric field to platinum (Pt) thin films induces an anomalous Hall effect (AHE) by creating large magnetic moments. This finding reveals unconventional magnetic properties in Pt, controllable via external stimuli.

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Area of Science:

Condensed Matter Physics
Materials Science
Magnetism

Background:

Platinum (Pt) is recognized as an exchange-enhanced paramagnetic material.
The Stoner criterion for ferromagnetism is nearly met in Pt, suggesting susceptibility to external stimuli for magnetic changes.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the induction of an anomalous Hall effect (AHE) in nonmagnetic platinum (Pt) thin films.
To explore the unconventional magnetic characteristics of Pt when subjected to external electric fields.

Main Methods:

Application of a gate voltage via an ionic liquid as a nonmagnetic perturbation.
Conducting detailed temperature and magnetic field experiments.
Analyzing the temperature dependence of the AHE.

Main Results:

An anomalous Hall effect (AHE) was successfully induced in Pt thin films by an electric field.
The induced AHE was comparable to that observed in magnetic materials like Bi-doped yttrium iron garnet.
Experimental data indicates the formation of large local magnetic moments (~10 μB) following Langevin dynamics.

Conclusions:

External electric fields can induce significant magnetic moments and an anomalous Hall effect in platinum.
These findings demonstrate a pathway to control magnetic properties in nominally nonmagnetic materials.
The results highlight the potential for unconventional magnetism in exchange-enhanced paramagnetic systems like Pt.