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Related Concept Videos

Anthelminthic Agents01:15

Anthelminthic Agents

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Anthelmintic drugs differ significantly from antiparasitic therapies targeting protozoa, primarily due to differences in parasite biology. Whereas most protozoal treatments act on proliferating cells, anthelmintics are typically directed against mature, nonproliferative helminths. The therapeutic approach considers the helminth's reliance on neuromuscular coordination, glucose metabolism, and microtubular integrity for survival, reproduction, and localization within the host. Most anthelmintics...
103

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Methods to determine resistance to anthelmintics when continuing larval development occurs.

M Lyndal-Murphy1, A J Swain2, P M Pepper2

  • 1AgriScience Queensland, 41 Boggo Road, Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia.

Veterinary Parasitology
|December 10, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Accurate detection of anthelmintic resistance (AR) in ruminants requires using pre- and post-drench fecal egg counts from both treated and untreated control groups, especially when larval development continues. Applying a second resistance rule alongside the standard one improves detection accuracy.

Keywords:
Anthelmintic resistanceConfidence intervalsInverse Beta distributionRuminantsSimulation

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Parasitology
  • Anthelmintic Resistance
  • Ruminant Health

Background:

  • The fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) is standard for detecting anthelmintic resistance (AR) in ruminant gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN).
  • Variations in FECRT methodology exist, impacting accuracy, particularly when larval development persists during testing.
  • Commonly targeted GIN, like Haemonchus contortus and Cooperia punctata, often exhibit high biotic potential or re-infection rates, complicating AR assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the most appropriate FECRT method for calculating AR under conditions of continuing larval development.
  • To evaluate different FECRT designs and resistance-indicating rules using computer simulations.
  • To provide guidance on accurate AR detection in pasture-based ruminant systems.

Main Methods:

  • Computer simulations were employed to model three FECRT designs: post-drench counts only, pre- and post-drench counts for treatment groups, and pre- and post-drench counts for both treatment and control groups.
  • Simulated fecal worm egg counts (FEC) were generated using negative binomial and binomial distributions, incorporating variables for worm burden, larval development, and drench resistance.
  • Calculations of percent reduction and confidence limits followed Standing Committee for Agriculture (SCA) guidelines, with additional analysis using cumulative inverse Beta distributions for FEC.

Main Results:

  • Simulations indicated that calculating AR from pre- and post-drench FEC of both untreated control and treatment groups is essential when larval development occurs during FECRT.
  • Two resistance rules were assessed: (1) %reduction (%R) <95% and lower confidence limit <90%; and (2) upper confidence limit <95%.
  • Applying both rules is recommended, particularly when %R falls between 90-95%, to enhance the detection of anthelmintic resistance.

Conclusions:

  • For accurate anthelmintic resistance detection in ruminants, especially with GIN exhibiting continuous larval development, FECRT protocols must include pre- and post-drench FEC from both treated and untreated control groups.
  • The study highlights the necessity of using robust statistical methods and potentially multiple resistance criteria to reliably identify AR.
  • Adherence to recommended FECRT designs and interpretation rules is crucial for effective parasite control strategies in livestock.