Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 5, 2026

Preoxygenation Techniques for Tracheal Intubation in Critically Ill Adults Utilizing Oxygen Mask and Noninvasive Ventilation
Published on: December 5, 2025
[Recommendations for pediatric oxygen therapy in acute and chronic settings: Needs assessment, implementation
G Aubertin1, C Marguet, C Delacourt
1Unité fonctionnelle de pneumologie pédiatrique, hôpital Armand-Trousseau, AP-HP, 75012 Paris, France.
Insights
This study provides expert recommendations for pediatric oxygen therapy, covering needs assessment, prescription, and follow-up for both acute and long-term care in children. These guidelines aim to standardize and improve oxygen use in pediatric pulmonology.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Pulmonology
- Respiratory Medicine
Background:
- Oxygen therapy is crucial for children with respiratory conditions.
- Standardized guidelines are needed for optimal pediatric oxygen use.
- Previous recommendations lacked comprehensive coverage of acute and long-term pediatric oxygen therapy.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop evidence-based recommendations for acute and long-term oxygen therapy in children.
- To provide guidance on needs assessment, implementation criteria, prescription practices, and follow-up.
- To establish a consensus among pediatric pulmonology experts.
Main Methods:
- A Formalized Consensus methodology was employed, adhering to Haute Autorité de Santé (HAS) standards.
- Two expert panels were involved: one analyzing literature, the second validating recommendations.
- Literature review encompassed both English and French scientific publications.
Main Results:
- Comprehensive recommendations for pediatric oxygen therapy are presented.
- Guidelines cover needs assessment, implementation criteria, prescription practices, and follow-up.
- The full text with supporting arguments is available on the French Pediatric Society website.
Conclusions:
- The developed recommendations offer a standardized approach to pediatric oxygen therapy.
- These guidelines aim to improve the quality of care for children requiring oxygen.
- The consensus-based approach ensures expert validation and clinical relevance.
Abstract:
Recommendations for acute and long-term oxygen therapy (needs assessment, implementation criteria, prescription practices, and follow-up) in children were produced by the Groupe de Recherche sur les Avancées en Pneumo-Pédiatrie (GRAPP) under the auspices of the French Paediatric Pulmonology and Allergology Society (SP2A). The Haute Autorité de Santé (HAS) methodology, based on the Formalized Consensus, was used. A first panel of experts analyzed the English and French literature to provide a second panel of experts with recommendations to validate. Only the recommendations are presented here, but the full text (arguments+recommendations) is available at the website of the French Paediatric Society: www.sfpediatrie.com.
Related Concept Videos
Oxygen Delivering System II: Venturi Mask and Transtracheal Oxygen
Venturi Mask
The Venturi mask, named after the Venturi effect, is designed to deliver precise oxygen concentrations. It consists of a large tube with an oxygen inlet that narrows down, causing a pressure drop that pulls air in through adjustable side ports. The mask is a lightweight,...
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Oxygen Therapy for Respiratory Failure
Oxygen therapy is vital in increasing and maintaining blood oxygen levels in PAH patients. As a result, it aids in reducing fatigue,...
Administering Oxygen by Mask
Administering oxygen by mask is a common nursing intervention that provides supplemental oxygen to patients with respiratory distress or chronic lung conditions. This procedure involves delivering oxygen at a specified rate through a face mask connected to an oxygen source.
Equipment
The equipment necessary for this procedure includes:
Respiratory Assessment: Purpose and Indications
Objectives and Importance:
The primary goal of respiratory assessment is to evaluate patients at early risk of clinical deterioration. Since respiratory distress often precedes other signs of declining health, breathing patterns and sounds become a...
Acute Respiratory Failure-V
Ensure that patients are monitored continuously for their response to therapy, including changes in...
Oxygen Delivering System I: Nasal Cannula and Face Mask
Nasal Cannula
A nasal cannula is a lightweight tube split at one end into two prongs and placed in the nostrils. It is typically used to deliver low to medium levels of oxygen.
Suggested flow rate: The suggested flow rate for a nasal cannula typically ranges between 1 and 6 L/min.
Oxygen percentage setting:...

