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Related Concept Videos

Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management01:21

Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management

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Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) management can be divided into two main strategies: prevention and long-term management.Primary PreventionPrimary prevention focuses on timely diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis to prevent acute rheumatic fever. The most widely used antibiotic for treating this condition is intramuscular benzathine penicillin G.Acute Rheumatic Fever TreatmentThe primary treatment goal for a patient diagnosed with acute rheumatic fever is to suppress the...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease IV: Nursing Management01:20

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AssessmentA comprehensive assessment is essential in managing a patient with rheumatic heart disease (RHD). Begin with obtaining a detailed medical history, including recent streptococcal infections, a history of rheumatic fever, or previously diagnosed rheumatic heart disease. Assess the patient for symptoms such as fever, chest pain, widespread joint pain (arthralgia), tachycardia, pericardial friction rub, muffled heart sounds, heart murmurs, peripheral edema, subcutaneous nodules, and...
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Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS01:11

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Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
GWAS does not require the identification of the target gene involved in...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

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The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
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The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway01:20

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Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as  SH2...
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Can rheumatoid arthritis be prevented?

Kevin D Deane1

  • 1Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.

Best Practice & Research. Clinical Rheumatology
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PubMed
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Identifying rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in its preclinical phase using biomarkers offers hope for early intervention. Research aims to prevent RA onset through targeted therapies and risk factor modification, though challenges remain.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Rheumatology
  • Preventive Medicine

Background:

  • Elevated rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-related biomarkers precede clinical RA onset, indicating a preclinical disease phase.
  • Understanding of immunologic processes and risk factors in preclinical RA is advancing.
  • Early RA treatment shows potential for drug-free remission.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the possibility of identifying individuals at risk for future RA using biomarkers and other factors.
  • To investigate the potential for intervening in preclinical RA to prevent disease onset.
  • To review current progress and challenges in RA prevention strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of RA-related biomarkers and immune activity in preclinical stages.
  • Review of existing data on RA development, risk factors, and early treatment outcomes.
  • Evaluation of ongoing and past clinical prevention trials for RA.

Main Results:

  • Biomarker elevations suggest a detectable preclinical phase of RA.
  • Knowledge of RA immunopathogenesis and risk factors is growing.
  • Evidence supports the efficacy of early RA treatment and potential for remission.

Conclusions:

  • RA prevention may be achievable by identifying at-risk individuals and intervening early.
  • Accurate risk prediction, identification of optimal interventions, and addressing psychosocial factors are key challenges.
  • Despite challenges, RA prevention appears increasingly feasible in the near future.