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Related Concept Videos

What are Membranes?01:24

What are Membranes?

14.5K
A cell's plasma membrane demarcates the cell's borders and determines the nature of its interaction with the environment. Cells exclude certain substances, take in others, and excrete some others in controlled quantities. The plasma membrane must be flexible to allow certain cells, such as red and white blood cells, to change their shape while passing through narrow capillaries. These are the more obvious plasma membrane functions. In addition, the plasma membrane's surface carries...
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What are Membranes?01:54

What are Membranes?

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A key characteristic of life is the ability to separate the external environment from the internal space. To do this, cells have evolved semi-permeable membranes that regulate the passage of biological molecules. Additionally, the cell membrane defines a cell’s shape and interactions with the external environment. Eukaryotic cell membranes also serve to compartmentalize the internal space into organelles, including the endomembrane structures of the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum and...
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What are Membranes?01:24

What are Membranes?

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Mechanisms of Membrane-bending01:15

Mechanisms of Membrane-bending

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The living membranes are flexible due to their fluid mosaic nature; however, their bending into different shapes is an active process regulated by specific lipids and proteins. The membrane bending can be transient as seen in vesicles or stable for a long time as in microvilli. Cells regulate the size, location, and duration of the membrane curvature.
Membrane bending can happen due to intrinsic changes in lipid composition or extrinsic association with different proteins. The proteins involved...
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Mechanisms of Membrane Domain Formation00:59

Mechanisms of Membrane Domain Formation

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Different physical properties of lipids and proteins allow them to localize and form distinct islands or domains in the membrane. Some membrane domains are formed due to protein-protein interactions, whereas others are formed due to the presence of specific lipids such as sphingolipids and sterols—for example, large proteins, such as bacteriorhodopsin, aggregate and create distinct domains.
Another mechanism for membrane domain formation involves membrane proteins interacting with...
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Membrane Fluidity01:23

Membrane Fluidity

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Cell membranes are composed of phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates loosely attached to one another through chemical interactions. Molecules are generally able to move about in the plane of the membrane, giving the membrane its flexible nature called fluidity. Two other features of the membrane contribute to membrane fluidity: the chemical structure of the phospholipids and the presence of cholesterol in the membrane.
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Preparation of Light-responsive Membranes by a Combined Surface Grafting and Postmodification Process
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Preparation of Light-responsive Membranes by a Combined Surface Grafting and Postmodification Process

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A prize for membrane magic.

Suzanne R Pfeffer1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5307, USA.

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|December 10, 2013
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This summary is machine-generated.

The 2013 Nobel Prize recognized discoveries in cellular vesicle traffic machinery. These findings illuminate a fundamental cell transport system crucial for life.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Medicine
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Vesicle traffic is essential for cellular function, mediating transport of molecules.
  • Understanding this machinery is key to numerous physiological and pathological processes.

Discussion:

  • This review highlights the groundbreaking work of Rothman, Schekman, and Südhof.
  • Their discoveries elucidated the molecular mechanisms governing vesicle formation, targeting, and fusion.

Key Insights:

  • Identified key proteins and pathways regulating vesicle transport.
  • Established the molecular basis for how cells package and deliver cargo.

Outlook:

  • Further research into vesicle trafficking holds potential for treating diseases.
  • Continued exploration may reveal new therapeutic targets for various conditions.