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Updated: May 5, 2026

A Combinatorial Single-cell Approach to Characterize the Molecular and Immunophenotypic Heterogeneity of Human Stem and Progenitor Populations
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'Particle genetics': treating every cell as unique.

Gaël Yvert1

  • 1Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire de la Cellule, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.

Trends in Genetics : TIG
|December 10, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Genotype-phenotype relations can be better understood by considering single-cell traits probabilistically. Mapping single cell probabilistic trait loci (PTL) links genomic regions to cellular trait probabilities, advancing biological insights.

Keywords:
GWASQTLcomplex traitsprobabilistic trait locus (PTL)single cellstochasticity

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Systems Biology
  • Statistical Physics

Background:

  • Traditional genotype-phenotype relations focus on deterministic, average trait differences.
  • Living systems have vast cellular individuality, impacting organismal traits.
  • Technological advances allow for single-cell analysis, necessitating new modeling approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce the concept of single cell probabilistic trait loci (PTL).
  • To propose a probabilistic framework for understanding genotype-phenotype relationships at the cellular level.
  • To explore the potential of PTL in expanding our understanding of genetic influences on cellular variation.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual framework development for probabilistic trait loci (PTL).
  • Drawing parallels between statistical physics approaches to particle behavior and cellular phenotypes.
  • Describing the methodology for mapping genomic regions to probabilities of single-cell traits.

Main Results:

  • Introduces probabilistic trait loci (PTL) as a novel concept.
  • Highlights the importance of cellular individuality in genotype-phenotype mapping.
  • Establishes a link between genomic regions and the probability distributions of cellular traits.

Conclusions:

  • Genotype-phenotype relations can be advanced by adopting a probabilistic, single-cell perspective.
  • Probabilistic trait loci (PTL) offer a new avenue for genetic research.
  • This probabilistic approach, inspired by statistical physics, has the potential to significantly enhance our understanding of biological systems.