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Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with extensive self-renewal properties that help them maintain their population during the fetal and adult stages of life. They can specialize in all cell types of the human body. However, their differential potential may vary and can be classified into five types. Stem cells can be (1) Totipotent, (2) Pluripotent, (3) Multipotent, (4) Oligopotent, and (5) Unipotent. Each stem cell has a specific origin; the fertilized egg or zygote is a totipotent cell and...
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The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
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Who needs stem cells if you can dedifferentiate?

Malcolm Maden1

  • 1Department of Biology and University of Florida Genetics Institute, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.

Cell Stem Cell
|December 10, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Mammals may share regenerative properties with lower vertebrates. Recent studies explore stem cell differentiation and mature cell dedifferentiation, clarifying regenerative mechanisms.

Area of Science:

  • Regenerative biology
  • Developmental biology
  • Comparative physiology

Background:

  • Regenerative mechanisms, including stem cell differentiation and mature cell dedifferentiation, are known in various species.
  • The relationship between these distinct regenerative processes remains unclear.
  • Understanding regenerative universality across species is a key question in biology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the universality of reparative regeneration.
  • To determine if mammals share regenerative properties with lower vertebrates.
  • To clarify the relationship between stem cell differentiation and cell dedifferentiation.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of recent studies (Sandoval-Guzmán et al., 2013; Tata et al., 2013).

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  • Review of existing literature on regenerative mechanisms in different animal groups.
  • Analysis of cellular processes in regeneration.

    • Main Results:

    • The two cited papers provide insights into fundamental questions of regeneration.
    • Evidence suggests potential shared regenerative properties between mammals and lower vertebrates.
    • The interplay between stem cell differentiation and dedifferentiation is being elucidated.

    Conclusions:

    • Mammalian regenerative capabilities may be more conserved than previously thought.
    • Further research is needed to fully understand the shared basis of regeneration.
    • These findings contribute to the broader field of regenerative medicine.