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The gut–brain axis is a bidirectional communication system that connects the gastrointestinal tract and the brain. This interaction is mediated through multiple pathways, including the vagus nerve, hormonal signals, immune responses, and chemical messengers produced by gut microbes.Microbial Contributions to Brain FunctionGut microbiota contributes significantly to brain function by producing neuroactive compounds. These include neuroactive compounds that influence neurotransmitters such...
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The gut microbiota includes trillions of microorganisms that colonize the human gastrointestinal tract, including bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi. This complex ecosystem plays a critical role in maintaining intestinal and systemic health. Most of these microbes inhabit the large intestine, establishing a relatively stable and diverse community that contributes to gut homeostasis through various metabolic, immunological, and protective mechanisms.Dominant bacterial phyla, such as...
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Related Experiment Video

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Microbiota modulate behavioral and physiological abnormalities associated with neurodevelopmental disorders.

Elaine Y Hsiao1, Sara W McBride2, Sophia Hsien2

  • 1Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.

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This summary is machine-generated.

This study shows that gut bacteria influence brain function in a mouse model of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Treating mice with Bacteroides fragilis improved gut health and reduced ASD-like behaviors, suggesting a potential probiotic therapy.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Microbiology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), are characterized by behavioral impairments.
  • Gastrointestinal (GI) abnormalities are frequently observed in individuals with ASD.
  • The maternal immune activation (MIA) mouse model exhibits features of ASD and GI issues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the gut-microbiome-brain axis in the MIA mouse model of ASD.
  • To evaluate the therapeutic potential of Bacteroides fragilis for GI and behavioral abnormalities in this model.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the MIA mouse model exhibiting ASD-like features.
  • Administered oral Bacteroides fragilis to MIA offspring.
  • Assessed GI barrier function, gut microbiota composition, serum metabolomics, and behavioral phenotypes.

Main Results:

  • MIA mice displayed GI barrier defects and altered gut microbiota.
  • Bacteroides fragilis treatment corrected gut permeability and modulated microbial composition.
  • B. fragilis administration ameliorated communicative, stereotypic, anxiety-like, and sensorimotor behaviors in MIA offspring.
  • Metabolomic analysis revealed MIA-induced alterations modulated by B. fragilis, with one metabolite linked to behavioral changes.

Conclusions:

  • Findings support a gut-microbiome-brain connection in an ASD mouse model.
  • Bacteroides fragilis demonstrates potential as a probiotic therapy for GI and behavioral symptoms in neurodevelopmental disorders.