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Specific bioelectrical impedance vector reference values for assessing body composition in the Italian elderly.

Bruno Saragat1, Roberto Buffa1, Elena Mereu1

  • 1Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, Italy.

Experimental Gerontology
|December 10, 2013
PubMed
Summary

This study provides specific bioelectrical impedance reference values for healthy elderly Italians, revealing age- and sex-related body composition changes. These findings aid in gerontological and epidemiological assessments.

Keywords:
AgingBIABIVABioelectrical valuesBody compositionClassic BIVADXAECW/ICWFFMFFMIFMFM%FMIRRspSMISpecific BIVATolerance ellipsesXcXcspZZspbioelectrical impedance analysisbioelectrical impedance vector analysisdual-energy X-ray absorptiometryextracellular/intracellular water ratiofat massfat mass indexfat mass percentagefat-free massfat-free mass indeximpedanceimpedivityreactancereactivityresistanceresistivityskeletal muscle mass index

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Biophysics
  • Human Physiology

Background:

  • Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a non-invasive method for assessing body composition.
  • Establishing population-specific reference values is crucial for accurate interpretation of BIA measurements, especially in aging populations.
  • Previous studies have not provided specific bioelectrical impedance vector reference values for the healthy elderly Italian population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine specific bioelectrical impedance vector reference values for healthy elderly Italians (aged 65-100 years).
  • To investigate age- and sex-related differences in body composition within this population using BIA.
  • To establish reference ellipses for gerontological and epidemiological applications.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 560 healthy elderly Italians (265 men, 295 women) aged 65-100 years was studied.
  • Anthropometric measurements (height, weight, circumferences) and bioelectrical measurements (resistance [R], reactance [Xc]) were recorded.
  • Specific resistivity (Rsp) and reactivity (Xcsp) values were calculated using stature-corrected and cross-sectional area-adjusted formulas.

Main Results:

  • Descriptive statistics for men included Rsp (391.8±57.9 Ω·cm), Xcsp (42.6±9.9 Ω·cm), and phase angle (6.2°±1.2).
  • Descriptive statistics for women included Rsp (462.0±80.1 Ω·cm), Xcsp (47.9±11.2 Ω·cm), and phase angle (5.9°±1.0).
  • Significant age-related decreases in Xcsp and phase angle were observed in both sexes, particularly men, suggesting muscle mass loss. Women showed declining Rsp and Zsp, linked to fat mass reduction, with diminishing sexual dimorphism.

Conclusions:

  • Specific tolerance ellipses derived from this study can serve as valuable reference standards for the Italian elderly population.
  • These reference values are applicable for body composition assessment in gerontological practice.
  • The findings support the use of BIA for epidemiological studies in aging populations.