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Related Concept Videos

Genome Annotation and Assembly03:36

Genome Annotation and Assembly

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The genome refers to all of the genetic material in an organism. It can range from a few million base pairs in microbial cells to several billion base pairs in many eukaryotic organisms. Genome assembly refers to the process of taking the DNA sequencing data and putting it all back together in a correct order to create a close representation of the original genome. This is followed by the identification of functional elements on the newly assembled genome, a process called genome annotation.
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RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases. 
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Evolution of Microbial Genome01:08

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Microbial genome evolution is a highly dynamic process shaped by continual gene gain and loss across species and strains. This genomic flexibility allows microorganisms to adapt rapidly to environmental pressures and interactions with other organisms. Central to understanding this diversity is the distinction between the core and pan genomes.The core genome comprises the genes shared by all sampled strains of a species, representing essential functions needed for fundamental cellular processes.
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Modern Molecular Taxonomy01:29

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Advancements in molecular biology have revolutionized the identification and characterization of bacteria, with multiple methods leveraging DNA sequencing for enhanced precision. As sequencing technologies improve and costs decline, these approaches are increasingly used in clinical, environmental, and evolutionary studies.Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) examines several housekeeping genes, essential chromosomal genes encoding cellular functions, to distinguish strains. Approximately...
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The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

Hybrid De Novo Genome Assembly for the Generation of Complete Genomes of Urinary Bacteria using Short- and Long-read Sequencing Technologies
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Hybrid De Novo Genome Assembly for the Generation of Complete Genomes of Urinary Bacteria using Short- and Long-read Sequencing Technologies

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RefSeq microbial genomes database: new representation and annotation strategy.

Tatiana Tatusova1, Stacy Ciufo, Boris Fedorov

  • 1National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 38A 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.

Nucleic Acids Research
|December 10, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Advancements in next-generation sequencing rapidly increase microbial genome data. New bioinformatics strategies are essential for annotating and analyzing this vast amount of DNA sequence information.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 5, 2026

Hybrid De Novo Genome Assembly for the Generation of Complete Genomes of Urinary Bacteria using Short- and Long-read Sequencing Technologies
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Area of Science:

  • Bioinformatics
  • Genomics
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • The RefSeq collection sources microbial genomic sequences from public archives.
  • Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has dramatically accelerated genome sequencing capabilities.
  • This has led to a substantial rise in deposited assembled microbial genomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the challenges posed by the increasing volume of microbial genomic data.
  • To highlight the development of new strategies for genome annotation and analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing data from the International Nucleotide Sequence Database public archives.
  • Accessing genomic data through the Entrez search and retrieval system.
  • Developing novel bioinformatics tools for annotation, analysis, and visualization.

Main Results:

  • A significant increase in the number of assembled microbial genomes available.
  • Identification of challenges in managing and analyzing large-scale genomic datasets.
  • Development of new strategies for representing reference genomes and sequence variations.

Conclusions:

  • The rapid growth of microbial genomic data necessitates advanced bioinformatics solutions.
  • New annotation and analysis strategies are crucial for interpreting reference genomes and population-derived sequence variations.