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Trihybrid Crosses02:27

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Trihybrid Crosses
Some of Mendel’s crosses examined three pairs of contrasting characteristics. Such a cross is called a trihybrid cross. A trihybrid cross is a combination of three individual monohybrid crosses. For example, plant height (tall vs. short), seed shape (round vs. wrinkled), and seed color (yellow vs. green).
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While Mendel’s Law of Segregation states that the two alleles for one gene are separated into different gametes, a different question of how different genes are inherited remains. For example, is the gene for tall plants inherited with the gene for green peas? Mendel asked this question by experimenting with a dihybrid cross; a cross in which both parents are homozygous for two distinct traits resulting in an F1 generation that are heterozygous for both traits.
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The chi-square test is a statistical hypothesis test. It is used to check whether there is a significant difference between an expected value and an observed value. In the context of genetics, it enables us to either accept or reject a hypothesis, based on how much the observed values deviate from the expected values.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

Development of Targeting Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes TILLING Populations in Small Grain Crops by Ethyl Methanesulfonate Mutagenesis
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Inheritance of five quantitative characters of bread wheat.

H I Sayed1

  • 1College of Agriculture, University of Riyad, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

TAG. Theoretical and Applied Genetics. Theoretische Und Angewandte Genetik
|December 10, 2013
PubMed
Summary

This study estimated wheat plant heritability for key traits. Selection in F2 populations shows promise for most traits, except fertile spikes per plant.

Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Genetics
  • Plant Breeding

Background:

  • Understanding genetic parameters is crucial for improving crop yield.
  • Heritability estimates guide selection strategies in plant breeding programs.
  • Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) improvement relies on dissecting genetic contributions to yield-related traits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To estimate heritability for five key wheat plant characters.
  • To investigate the genetic basis (additive vs. nonadditive gene effects) of these traits.
  • To assess the potential of selection in F2 populations for wheat breeding.

Main Methods:

  • Studied five crosses involving six bread wheat cultivars.
  • Utilized parents, F1, F2, and backcross generations for genetic parameter estimation.

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  • Calculated heritability for traits including fertile spikes/plant, spikelets/spike, kernels/spike, 1000-kernel weight, and kernels/spikelet.

    • Main Results:

    • Heritability varied from low (fertile spikes/plant) to moderately high (kernels/spike).
    • Nonadditive gene effects were significant for fertile spikes/plant and 1000-kernel weight.
    • Additive gene effects were most important for spikelets/spike, kernels/spike, and kernels/spikelet.

    Conclusions:

    • Selection in F2 populations is a promising strategy for improving most studied wheat traits.
    • Different genetic mechanisms control various yield components, requiring tailored breeding approaches.
    • Further research can leverage these heritability estimates for efficient bread wheat cultivar development.