Gibberellic acid and abscisic acid modulate protein synthesis and mRNA levels in barley aleurone layers

Using in vivo pulse labeling, changes in the pattern of protein synthesis were detected in isolated barley aleurone layers treated with fibberellic acid (GA3). GA3 greatly altered the relative rates of synthesis of many polypeptides, increasing some, notably α-amylase, and decreasing others. α-Amylase synthesis increased until it was the major product (over 60%) of protein synthesis after 24h. The pulse-labeled pattern of secreted polypeptides was also changed by GA3. There was the expected increase in α-amylase together with a number of other polypeptides but there was reduced secretion of several polypeptides also.Cell-free translation of RNA isolated from control and hormone-treated tissues was used to measure changes in mRNA levels. GA3 caused many changes, particularly in the level of mRNA for α-amylase. In vitro synthesized α-amylase, identified by immunoaffinity chromatography, had an Mr of 46 000. This polypeptide was partially processed to a polypeptide with Mr 44 000 by the addition of dog pancreas membranes to the in vivo translation mixture. The level of mRNA for α-amylase began to increase 2-4 h after GA3 was added and reached a maximum level of about 20% of total mRNA after 16 h. Thus after 16 h, the synthesis of α-amylase as a proportion of total protein synthesis, continued to increase while the level of its mRNA as a proportion of total mRNA remained constant. These results indicate that protein synthesis was modified more extensively than we can account for by changes in mRNA.Abscisic acid (ABA) reversed all of the effects of GA3 on protein synthesis and mRNA levels. It also promoted synthesis of a small number of new polypeptides and increased the level of some mRNAs. GA3 reversed the accumulation of ABA-promoted mRNAs. Although, ABA strongly suppressed the increase in the level of translatable mRNA for α-amylase, there was an even stronger inhibition of enzyme synthesis and accumulation.We conclude that both GA3 and ABA regulate protein synthesis both positively and negatively in aleurone cells largely by regulating levels of mRNA and in the case of α-amylase, possibly also by changing the efficiency of translation of its mRNA.