Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 5, 2026
06:59
Intrathecal Application of a Fluorescent Dye for the Identification of Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks in Cochlear Malformation
Published on: February 29, 2020
7.5K
Freiberg's infraction: diagnosis and treatment
Paul G Talusan1, Pablo J Diaz-Collado, John S Reach
1Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
Foot & Ankle Specialist
|December 10, 2013
Summary
Freiberg's infraction is a rare bone condition affecting lesser metatarsal heads, primarily in adolescent females. While the cause is unknown, treatments aim to reduce pressure, and outcomes are generally good.
Area of Science:
- Orthopedics
- Podiatry
- Radiology
Background:
- Freiberg's infraction involves cartilage degeneration of metatarsal heads.
- Adolescent females are typical patients, but it can affect any age or sex.
- The second and third metatarsals are most commonly affected.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of Freiberg's infraction.
- To highlight diagnostic imaging findings.
- To discuss treatment outcomes.
Main Methods:
- Clinical diagnosis supported by imaging (radiographs, bone scans, MRI).
- Review of nonoperative (pressure reduction, unloading) and operative (osteotomies, transplants, arthroplasty) treatments.
- Discussion of disease progression and healing potential.
Main Results:
- Early diagnosis can be challenging with normal radiographs.
- Imaging reveals characteristic changes as the condition progresses.
- Both nonoperative and operative treatments yield good to excellent patient outcomes, allowing return to activity.
Conclusions:
- The exact pathophysiology of Freiberg's infraction remains unclear.
- Early intervention and appropriate management are key to successful outcomes.
- Further research is needed for prevention strategies.
Related Concept Videos
01:27Fractures: Bone Repair
5.8K
Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the...
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the...
5.8K
01:26Brain Abscess l: Introduction
21
A brain abscess is a focal, intracerebral infection characterized by a localized collection of pus within the brain parenchyma, resulting from microbial invasion and the body’s inflammatory response. It progresses through stages: early and late cerebritis, followed by early and late capsule formation, reflecting tissue destruction, immune response, and eventual encapsulation.Etiology and PathogenesisCausative organisms vary with source and host factors, often involving polymicrobial...
21
01:26Flail Chest-II
1.0K
Managing flail chest, a condition characterized by a segment of the chest wall moving independently from the rest of the thoracic cage, requires a comprehensive approach. It includes a thorough assessment of the patient's condition, a diagnostic evaluation to determine the extent of the injury, and the implementation of appropriate medical interventions tailored to the individual's needs.
Assessment:
1. Clinical Evaluation:
History:
Assessment:
1. Clinical Evaluation:
History:
1.0K
01:28Pleural Effusion II: Symptoms and Management
1.4K
Pleural Effusion Overview
A pleural effusion is the abnormal collection of fluid between the parietal and visceral pleura layers of tissue that form the lining of the lungs and chest cavity. It can occur independently or due to surrounding parenchymal diseases, such as infection, malignancy, or inflammatory conditions.
Clinical Manifestations:
A pleural effusion is the abnormal collection of fluid between the parietal and visceral pleura layers of tissue that form the lining of the lungs and chest cavity. It can occur independently or due to surrounding parenchymal diseases, such as infection, malignancy, or inflammatory conditions.
Clinical Manifestations:
1.4K
01:30Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care
434
A healthcare provider can diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) through several methods:Medical History and Symptoms: The provider will take a detailed medical history and ask about symptoms such as frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, and lower abdominal pain.Urinalysis: A clean-catch urine sample is collected in a sterile container and tested for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells (leukocytes), nitrites, blood, and protein. The presence of leukocytes and...
434