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Updated: May 5, 2026

Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Gynecologic Cancer
Published on: April 17, 2012
Hemorrhagic radiation cystitis
William M Mendenhall1, Randal H Henderson, Joseph A Costa
1*Department of Radiation, University of Florida Proton Therapy Institute †Division of Urology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL.
Abstract:
The optimal management of persistent hemorrhagic radiation cystitis is ill-defined. Various options are available and include oral agents (ie, sodium pentosan polysulfate), intravenous drugs (ie, WF10), topical agents (ie, formalin), hyperbaric oxygen, and endoscopic procedures (ie, electrical cautery, argon plasma coagulation, laser coagulation). In general, it is best to manage patients conservatively and intervene only when necessary with the option least likely to exacerbate the cystitis. More aggressive measures should be employed only when more conservative approaches fail. Bladder biopsies should be avoided, unless findings suggest a bladder tumor, because they may precipitate a complication.
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