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Area of Science:

  • Vector-borne disease control
  • Ecological interventions
  • Malaria eradication strategies

Background:

  • Anopheline mosquitoes transmit malaria parasites.
  • Larvivorous fish are considered for biological control of mosquito larvae.
  • World Health Organization and Global Fund have supported larvivorous fish programs for malaria vector control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of introducing larvivorous fish on Plasmodium parasite transmission.
  • To summarize evidence on the effect of larvivorous fish on Anopheles larvae and pupae density.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic search of multiple databases for relevant studies regardless of publication status.
  • Inclusion of randomized controlled trials and non-randomized controlled trials from malaria-endemic regions.
  • Secondary analysis focused on studies assessing fish impact on immature anopheline mosquito density.

Main Results:

  • No reliable studies demonstrated the effect of larvivorous fish on malaria transmission or adult Anopheles density.
  • Twelve small, high-risk-of-bias studies showed weak, inconsistent evidence for reducing larvae/pupae density.
  • Larvivorous fish may reduce the number of water sources with Anopheles larvae/pupae, but evidence quality is low.

Conclusions:

  • Insufficient reliable research exists to confirm larvivorous fish efficacy in reducing malaria transmission or adult mosquito populations.
  • Weak, inconsistent evidence suggests a potential effect on immature mosquito stages, but health benefits are unknown.
  • Investment in fish stocking for larval control should be limited to controlled studies; non-target species effects require further research.