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Related Concept Videos

Myasthenia Gravis ll: Pathophysiology01:22

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Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
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Immunological aspects in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Maria Carolina O Rodrigues1, Júlio C Voltarelli, Paul R Sanberg

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.

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Summary

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) involves immune system dysfunction and inflammation. This review explores the immune system

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Neurodegenerative Diseases

Background:

  • Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive motor neuron disease with unknown causes in most cases.
  • Immune cells, including T lymphocytes and microglia, are implicated in ALS pathogenesis.
  • Inflammation has a complex, dual role in ALS, shifting from protective to detrimental as the disease advances.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted role of the immune system in ALS pathogenesis.
  • To examine the interplay between immune responses and central nervous system barrier integrity in ALS.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on neuroinflammation and immune system involvement in ALS.
  • Analysis of the blood-brain barrier's function and dysfunction in the context of ALS.
  • Synthesis of findings from preclinical models and clinical trials concerning immunomodulation in ALS.

Main Results:

  • The immune system, both innate and adaptive, is significantly involved in ALS.
  • Inflammation presents a dual role, being protective early on and harmful later in ALS progression.
  • Impaired blood-brain barrier function is a key feature in ALS pathogenesis, influencing immune responses.

Conclusions:

  • Immune system dysregulation and inflammation are central to ALS pathogenesis.
  • The integrity of the central nervous system barriers is tightly linked to immune system activity in ALS.
  • Current immunomodulatory therapies have shown limited success in clinical trials, necessitating further research.