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Assessing Working Memory in Children: The Comprehensive Assessment Battery for Children – Working Memory (CABC-WM)
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Working-memory capacity protects model-based learning from stress.

A Ross Otto1, Candace M Raio, Alice Chiang

  • 1Center for Neural Science and Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY 10003.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|December 11, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Acute stress impairs goal-directed decision-making by weakening model-based learning, but not model-free learning. Individual working memory capacity influences susceptibility to these stress effects.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Behavioral Economics

Background:

  • Decision-making involves competing valuation systems, often distinguished as habitual and goal-directed.
  • These systems may correspond to model-free and model-based reinforcement learning strategies.
  • Dopaminergic systems are linked to model-free learning, while prefrontal systems support model-based choice.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the hypothesis that the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis stress response selectively attenuates model-based contributions to behavior.
  • To examine the role of working memory capacity in modulating stress effects on decision-making strategies.

Main Methods:

  • An acute stressor was administered alongside a sequential decision-making task.
  • Individual working memory (WM) capacity was assessed at baseline.
  • Salivary cortisol levels were measured to quantify the HPA axis stress response.

Main Results:

  • Stress response significantly attenuated the contribution of model-based learning to behavior.
  • Model-free learning contributions were not significantly affected by stress.
  • Lower working memory capacity individuals exhibited greater susceptibility to the detrimental effects of stress on behavior.

Conclusions:

  • Acute stress selectively impairs model-based decision-making, likely via effects on prefrontal cortex function.
  • Working memory capacity acts as a protective factor against the negative impacts of acute stress on goal-directed behavior.
  • Findings contribute to understanding the interplay between stress, executive function, and decision-making strategies.