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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
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Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction01:15

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction

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Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular condition in which blood flow to a brain region is suddenly interrupted, leading to tissue infarction. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief reductions in perfusion cause energy failure, ionic imbalance, and irreversible injury. Ischemic strokes are classified into thrombotic and embolic types based on their underlying mechanisms.Thrombotic MechanismsThrombotic stroke develops when a clot forms within a cerebral artery.
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Stroke: Introduction and Types01:29

Stroke: Introduction and Types

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A stroke is an acute neurological event caused by the sudden disruption of cerebral blood flow, leading to rapid loss of neuronal function. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief interruptions can cause irreversible injury within minutes. Strokes are classified into ischemic and hemorrhagic types.Ischemic StrokeIschemic strokes are most common and occur due to arterial occlusion, depriving brain tissue of oxygen and nutrients. This leads to energy failure, ionic...
55
Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:15

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

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An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...
54
Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers

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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
These markers indicate stress or strain on the heart muscle:
Natriuretic Peptides (BNP)
Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
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Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction01:17

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

20
A hemorrhagic stroke is an acute neurological event that occurs when a weakened cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to accumulate within or around the brain. The sudden release of blood forms a focal hematoma that increases intracranial pressure, displaces neural tissue, and can obstruct cerebrospinal fluid pathways. These effects may be compounded by intraventricular extension of the hemorrhage, cerebral edema, or compression of adjacent structures, all of which contribute to...
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Electroencephalography Network Indices as Biomarkers of Upper Limb Impairment in Chronic Stroke
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Biomarkers for stroke.

Suk Jae Kim1, Gyeong Joon Moon, Oh Young Bang

  • 1Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Journal of Stroke
|December 11, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Stroke biomarkers are crucial for personalized therapy due to patient heterogeneity. Comprehensive analysis of diverse biomarkers, including genetic and metabolomic types, enhances understanding and treatment strategies.

Keywords:
BiomarkerPersonalized medicineRisk factorStroke, IschemicTreatment

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Author Spotlight: Integrated Photoacoustic, Ultrasound, and Angiographic Tomography (PAUSAT) for NonInvasive Whole-Brain Imaging of Ischemic Stroke
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomarker Research
  • Translational Medicine

Background:

  • Major stroke clinical trials have faced repeated failures, indicating significant patient heterogeneity.
  • Biomarkers, indicators in biological samples, offer potential for personalized stroke therapy.
  • Current practice guidelines do not recommend biomarkers for stroke diagnosis or treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of biomarkers in stroke patient management.
  • To discuss limitations of conventional biomarkers, particularly protein-based ones.
  • To introduce various traditional and novel biomarker types, including genetic, microvesicle, and metabolomics-associated markers.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on stroke biomarkers.
  • Analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of different biomarker types.
  • Emphasis on comprehensive approaches utilizing multiple biomarkers.

Main Results:

  • Conventional biomarkers, especially proteins, have limitations in stroke research.
  • Novel biomarkers such as genetic, microvesicle, and metabolomics-associated markers show promise.
  • A comprehensive approach integrating various biomarkers is essential.

Conclusions:

  • Despite current limitations, ongoing efforts aim to overcome biomarker challenges in stroke.
  • Comprehensive biomarker analysis can improve understanding of stroke pathophysiology.
  • Future applications include screening high-risk patients, predicting outcomes, and tailoring stroke therapies.