Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

20
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
20
Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment01:20

Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment

3.7K
Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular transmission disorder characterized by weakness and increased fatigability of skeletal muscles. It is an autoimmune disease affecting approximately one in 2000 people, where antibodies against the α1 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are produced.
These antibodies interfere with the function of the nicotinic receptors in three ways: by binding to the receptor and disrupting acetylcholine binding; by causing cross-linking of receptors which...
3.7K
Parkinson's Disease: Treatment01:24

Parkinson's Disease: Treatment

1.4K
Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's Disease (PD), involve the gradual and irreversible destruction of neurons in particular brain areas. These disorders exhibit standard features like proteinopathies, selective vulnerability of some neurons, and an interaction of intrinsic properties, genetics, and environmental influences in neural injury.
Parkinson's Disease is primarily a result of the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The cornerstone of...
1.4K
Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment01:22

Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment

1.3K
Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is pathologically identified by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of tau protein. AD pharmacotherapy aims to manage cognitive symptoms, delay disease progression, and treat behavioral symptoms. The treatment is primarily symptomatic and palliative, with no definitive disease-modifying therapy available. Cholinesterase inhibitors, including donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), and galantamine (Razadyne), are...
1.3K
Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

4.9K
Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
4.9K
Direct-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Therapeutic Uses01:11

Direct-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Therapeutic Uses

1.9K
Direct-acting cholinergic agonists have many therapeutic uses in various medical fields. Choline esters, including acetylcholine, have limited clinical utility due to their non-selectivity and short duration of action. Still, acetylcholine and carbachol are applied topically during ophthalmologic surgery to induce miosis. Pilocarpine, a muscarinic and ganglionic stimulator, effectively treats open-angle glaucoma and alleviates xerostomia and dry mouth caused by radiotherapy or Sjögren...
1.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Antiviral Use in Mild-to-Moderate SARS-CoV-2 Infections during the Omicron Wave in Geriatric Patients.

Viruses·2024
Same author

Evaluation of Pupillometry for CYP2D6 Phenotyping in Children Treated with Tramadol.

Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)·2023
Same author

Medical cannabinoids for painful symptoms in patients with severe dementia: a randomized, double-blind cross-over placebo-controlled trial protocol.

Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland)·2023
Same author

Is massage a legitimate part of nursing care? A qualitative study.

PloS one·2023
Same author

Cannabinoids for behavioral symptoms in severe dementia: Safety and feasibility in a long-term pilot observational study in nineteen patients.

Frontiers in aging neuroscience·2022
Same author

Carotid plaque surface echogenicity predicts cerebrovascular events: An Echographic Multicentric Swiss Study.

Journal of neuroimaging : official journal of the American Society of Neuroimaging·2022

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

Two-photon Imaging of Cellular Dynamics in the Mouse Spinal Cord
10:44

Two-photon Imaging of Cellular Dynamics in the Mouse Spinal Cord

Published on: February 22, 2015

9.9K

Novel therapeutic options for multiple sclerosis.

François Curtin1, Hans-Peter Hartung

  • 1GeNeuro SA, Chemin des Aulx 18, CH-1228 Plan-les-Ouates/Geneva, Switzerland.

Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology
|December 12, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Innovative immunomodulators effectively treat relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) but carry safety risks. New treatments are emerging, yet chronic progressive MS (CPMS) still lacks effective therapies.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Clinical Pharmacology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a central nervous system (CNS) autoimmune disorder with neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative aspects.
  • Immunomodulation has been the primary therapeutic strategy for MS since the 1990s.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recently registered and clinically developing innovative drugs for multiple sclerosis.
  • To highlight unmet needs in treating chronic progressive forms of MS.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recently registered drugs for MS.
  • Analysis of drugs in clinical development pipelines for MS.
  • Evaluation of immunomodulators in Phase III trials for CPMS.

Main Results:

More Related Videos

Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
06:19

Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: September 9, 2022

4.0K
Author Spotlight: Novel Assay for Studying B-Cell Responses in Multiple Sclerosis Research
05:55

Author Spotlight: Novel Assay for Studying B-Cell Responses in Multiple Sclerosis Research

Published on: December 1, 2023

1.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 5, 2026

Two-photon Imaging of Cellular Dynamics in the Mouse Spinal Cord
10:44

Two-photon Imaging of Cellular Dynamics in the Mouse Spinal Cord

Published on: February 22, 2015

9.9K
Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
06:19

Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: September 9, 2022

4.0K
Author Spotlight: Novel Assay for Studying B-Cell Responses in Multiple Sclerosis Research
05:55

Author Spotlight: Novel Assay for Studying B-Cell Responses in Multiple Sclerosis Research

Published on: December 1, 2023

1.4K
  • Several immunomodulators demonstrate high efficacy in reducing relapses in relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS).
  • New oral drugs and biologics, including monoclonal antibodies, are approved or in development for RRMS.
  • Significant safety concerns, such as infections and cancers, are associated with current immunomodulators.
  • No proven therapies currently exist for chronic progressive MS (CPMS), although several RRMS drugs are in trials for CPMS.

Conclusions:

  • While effective for RRMS, current MS therapies pose safety risks.
  • There is a critical unmet need for treatments targeting chronic progressive MS (CPMS).
  • Neuroprotective and remyelinating drugs are in early development but require further efficacy demonstration.