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Related Concept Videos

Personal Protective Equipment01:20

Personal Protective Equipment

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Personal protective equipment (PPE) is unique clothing or equipment worn by an employee to minimize or prevent exposure to infectious agents. PPE creates a barrier between the employee and the infectious materials. PPE must be readily available in the patient care area. PPE includes gloves, gowns and aprons, masks and respirators, goggles, face shields, shoes, and headcovers:
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Overview of the Axial Skeleton01:09

Overview of the Axial Skeleton

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The skeleton is subdivided into two major divisions—the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton forms the vertical, central axis of the body. It includes all of the bones of the head, neck, chest, and back. It protects the brain, spinal cord, heart, and lungs. It also serves as the attachment site for muscles that move the head, neck, and back and for muscles that act across the shoulder and hip joints to move their corresponding limbs.
The axial skeleton of the...
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PPE Use in Healthcare Settings I: Donning01:22

PPE Use in Healthcare Settings I: Donning

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Donning PPE must be completed before contact with the patient. This process protects from infectious agents. The sequence and action included in each donning are critical, and the steps must be systematic to avoid exposure to pathogens. The institutional policy also needs to be followed while donning PPE. The pre-donning preparations are gathering equipment, inspecting the PPE equipment for tears, holes, or damage, removing jewelry, removing any garments below the elbows, and tying the hair...
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Sutures of the Skull01:22

Sutures of the Skull

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The human skull is composed of several bones that come together to protect the brain and support the structures of the face. The junctions where these bones meet are called sutures.
Sutures are immobile joints between adjacent bones of the skull. The narrow gap between the bones is filled with dense, fibrous connective tissue that unites the bones. The long sutures located between the skull bones are not straight but instead follow irregular, tightly twisting paths. These twisting lines tightly...
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Design Example: Calculating Safe Diameter for Wind-Exposed Disc01:17

Design Example: Calculating Safe Diameter for Wind-Exposed Disc

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Assessing safety in wind-exposed installations is crucial to preventing potential failures. This example explores the calculation and design adjustments needed to mount a circular disc on a building facade, where wind forces are a primary concern. A 4-meter diameter disc was initially designed as an aesthetic feature facing winds at a velocity of 25 meters per second, with an air density of 1.25 kilograms per cubic meter. Given these conditions, the drag force on the disc was determined using...
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Overview of the Skull01:08

Overview of the Skull

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The cranium (skull) is the skeletal structure of the head that supports the face and protects the brain. It is subdivided into the facial bones and the brain case, or cranial vault. The facial bones underlie the facial structures, form the nasal cavity, enclose the eyeballs, and support the teeth of the upper and lower jaws.
The cranial vault surrounds and protects the brain and houses the middle and inner ear structures. This cavity is bounded superiorly by the rounded top of the skull, which...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

A Test Bed to Examine Helmet Fit and Retention and Biomechanical Measures of Head and Neck Injury in Simulated Impact
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A Test Bed to Examine Helmet Fit and Retention and Biomechanical Measures of Head and Neck Injury in Simulated Impact

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How safe is your motorcycle helmet?

Carlos Eduardo Lopes Albuquerque1, Francisco Plácido Nogueira Arcanjo2, Gerardo Cristino-Filho3

  • 1Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon, Department of Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Sobral Hospital, Sobral, Brazil.

Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery : Official Journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
|December 12, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Motorcycle helmets offer limited protection against head and facial injuries. Full-face helmets provide better protection than open-face helmets, but neither fully prevents trauma in motorcycle crashes.

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Related Experiment Videos

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An Investigation of the Effects of Sports-related Concussion in Youth Using Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and the Head Impact Telemetry System
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Area of Science:

  • Trauma research
  • Motorcycle safety
  • Helmet efficacy

Background:

  • Motorcycle crash helmets are crucial for preventing head and facial trauma.
  • However, existing helmet designs do not offer complete protection against all injuries.
  • Variations in helmet types may influence the level of protection afforded.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate differences in protection levels among various motorcycle crash helmet types.
  • To assess the impact of helmet type on craniomaxillofacial injuries and traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study analyzing outpatient records of motorcyclists.
  • Data collected included Facial Injury Severity Scale (FISS), TBI, facial fractures, and helmet use.
  • Statistical analyses included Fisher's, Bonferroni tests, regression, and ANOVA.

Main Results:

  • 253 motorcyclists with craniomaxillofacial injuries were analyzed.
  • Unhelmeted riders had significantly higher mean FISS scores than full-face helmet users (P = .047).
  • Open-face helmets showed statistically greater TBI rates compared to full-face helmets (P = .035).

Conclusions:

  • Motorcycle crash helmets, particularly open-face types, do not always provide adequate protection against craniomaxillofacial injuries.
  • A significant percentage of motorcyclists sustained facial fractures and TBI despite helmet use.
  • Further research into helmet types and their protective qualities is recommended.