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Related Concept Videos

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:15

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

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An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...
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Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction01:15

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction

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Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular condition in which blood flow to a brain region is suddenly interrupted, leading to tissue infarction. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief reductions in perfusion cause energy failure, ionic imbalance, and irreversible injury. Ischemic strokes are classified into thrombotic and embolic types based on their underlying mechanisms.Thrombotic MechanismsThrombotic stroke develops when a clot forms within a cerebral artery.
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Stroke: Introduction and Types01:29

Stroke: Introduction and Types

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A stroke is an acute neurological event caused by the sudden disruption of cerebral blood flow, leading to rapid loss of neuronal function. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief interruptions can cause irreversible injury within minutes. Strokes are classified into ischemic and hemorrhagic types.Ischemic StrokeIschemic strokes are most common and occur due to arterial occlusion, depriving brain tissue of oxygen and nutrients. This leads to energy failure, ionic...
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Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction01:26

Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction

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A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a brief episode of neurological dysfunction caused by a temporary, focal reduction in cerebral blood flow. Although symptoms resemble those of an ischemic stroke, the interruption in perfusion is short-lived and does not cause permanent infarction. TIAs are clinically important because they often serve as early warning events for future stroke.Mechanisms of Transient Cerebral IschemiaTransient cerebral ischemia may arise through several mechanisms. One...
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Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System01:18

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The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is an intricate network of nerves that controls functions such as the regulation of heart rate, digestion, and blood pressure regulation. When this system malfunctions, it can lead to various disorders that affect multiple bodily functions. One common feature of many autonomic disorders is the involvement of smooth blood vessels, which play a crucial role in regulating blood flow throughout the body.
Raynaud's disease, also known as Raynaud's...
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Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation01:21

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation

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Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
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Permanent Cerebral Vessel Occlusion via Double Ligature and Transection
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Autonomic dysfunction in different subtypes of post-acute ischemic stroke.

L Xiong1, H W Leung1, X Y Chen1

  • 1Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.

Journal of the Neurological Sciences
|December 12, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Post-stroke patients frequently experience autonomic dysfunction, particularly a parasympathetic cardiac deficit. Cardiovascular autonomic impairment is more severe in large-artery atherosclerosis stroke subtypes compared to small-vessel occlusion.

Keywords:
Autonomic dysfunctionInfarctionIschemic strokeLarge-artery atherosclerosisSmall-vessel occlusionStroke subtypes

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Cardiology
  • Autonomic Neuroscience

Background:

  • Central autonomic impairment is a common complication following ischemic stroke.
  • The precise mechanisms underlying autonomic dysfunction post-stroke remain unclear.
  • Investigating cardiovascular autonomic function across different ischemic stroke subtypes is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate cardiovascular autonomic function in patients with different post-acute ischemic stroke subtypes.
  • To compare autonomic function between large-artery atherosclerosis (LAA) and small-vessel occlusion (SVO) stroke patients.
  • To identify specific patterns of autonomic impairment in relation to stroke etiology.

Main Methods:

  • Recruited 77 ischemic stroke patients (50 LAA, 27 SVO) and 37 elderly controls.
  • Administered Ewing's battery autonomic function tests.
  • Performed power spectral analysis of heart rate variability (HRV).

Main Results:

  • Stroke patients (LAA and SVO) exhibited significantly lower low-frequency power spectral density compared to controls.
  • Autonomic dysfunction prevalence was higher in LAA (82.0%) and SVO (63.0%) groups versus controls (21.6%).
  • LAA patients showed greater impairment in parasympathetic and sympathetic functions than SVO patients.

Conclusions:

  • Post-acute ischemic stroke patients, regardless of subtype, demonstrate a parasympathetic cardiac deficit.
  • Cardiovascular autonomic modulation, both parasympathetic and sympathetic, is more significantly impaired in LAA stroke patients.
  • Findings highlight the impact of stroke etiology on autonomic nervous system recovery.