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Cirrhosis I: Introduction01:23

Cirrhosis I: Introduction

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Cirrhosis is a chronic, irreversible liver disease characterized by the widespread replacement of healthy liver tissue with fibrotic scar tissue and the formation of regenerative nodules.Etiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis results from sustained liver injury that triggers progressive fibrosis and structural remodeling. The underlying causes are diverse, encompassing common and less frequent clinical conditions. Regardless of the origin, all causes lead to chronic inflammation, hepatocyte loss, and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 4, 2026

Application of Hemostatic Devices in Laparoscopic Hepatectomy
04:23

Application of Hemostatic Devices in Laparoscopic Hepatectomy

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Angiosarcoma of the liver.

J J Khoo1

  • 1Hospital Sultanah Aminah, Department of Pathology, 80100, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia. zamzilamin@yahoo.com.

The Medical Journal of Malaysia
|December 12, 2013
PubMed
Summary

A rubber tapper developed liver angiosarcoma and spleen metastasis after 23 years of formic acid fume exposure. This case highlights a potential link between occupational formic acid exposure and hepatic angiosarcoma development.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Occupational Medicine
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Hepatic angiosarcoma is a rare primary liver cancer.
  • Occupational exposures to certain chemicals are known risk factors for angiosarcoma.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a case of hepatic angiosarcoma in a rubber tapper with prolonged occupational exposure to formic acid fumes.
  • To discuss the potential role of formic acid in the development of angiosarcoma.

Main Methods:

  • Case presentation of a 47-year-old Malay man with epigastric pain and weight loss.
  • Diagnostic laparotomy revealing liver tumor and spleen nodules.
  • Histopathological examination confirming hepatic angiosarcoma with splenic metastasis.

Main Results:

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  • The patient had over 23 years of occupational exposure to formic acid fumes.
  • Histopathology confirmed hepatic angiosarcoma with metastasis to the spleen.

Conclusions:

  • This case suggests a possible association between chronic formic acid fume exposure and hepatic angiosarcoma.
  • Further research is warranted to investigate the carcinogenicity of formic acid in liver cancer development.