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Complications during healing arise when tissue repair is altered by local or systemic factors. These changes involve abnormal collagen deposition, altered biomechanics, and reduced vascular supply, impairing restoration of normal structure and function.Loss of FunctionScar tissue differs significantly from the original tissue it replaces. In the skin, fibrosis lacks adnexal structures such as hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands. Their absence reduces tactile sensitivity, impairs...
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Epidermal stem cells (EpiSCs) are mainly located at the basal layer of the epidermis. These cells repair minor injuries of the skin and replace dead skin cells. However, EpiSCs’ cannot heal severe wounds such as major burns or those from diabetes or hereditary disorders. In such cases, culturing the epidermal stem cells from the patient is possible and has yielded successful treatment options, such as laboratory-grown skin grafts. These grafts are synthesized using a patient’s own...
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The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
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Updated: May 4, 2026

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[Correction of complex facial scars].

G M Bran1, K Hörmann, J Gosepath

  • 1Klinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Halschirurgie, Zentrum für plastische und rekonstruktive Kopf- und Halschirurgie, Dr.-Horst-Schmidt-Kliniken, Ludwig-Erhard-Str. 100, 65199, Wiesbaden, Deutschland, gregor.bran@hsk-wiesbaden.de.

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Summary

This report details advanced techniques for correcting complex facial scars, including contractures, atrophic scars, and keloids, using individualized, multimodal strategies for optimal outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Plastic Surgery
  • Dermatology
  • Regenerative Medicine

Context:

  • Complex facial scars present unique challenges in aesthetic and functional reconstruction.
  • Individualized treatment plans are crucial for addressing diverse scar morphologies and locations.
  • Multimodal approaches offer superior results compared to single-modality treatments.

Purpose:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of current techniques for correcting various types of complex facial scars.
  • To detail specific therapeutic measures for contractures, atrophic scars, and scars in hair-bearing areas.
  • To present adjuvant procedures that complement primary scar revision strategies.

Summary:

  • Correction of complex facial scars necessitates tailored, multimodal strategies.
  • Techniques discussed include management of contractures, atrophic scars, and scars within facial hair-bearing regions.
  • Specific focus is given to auricular keloids and relevant adjuvant procedures.

Impact:

  • Enhances understanding of advanced scar revision techniques for facial deformities.
  • Provides clinicians with a practical guide for managing challenging facial scar cases.
  • Aims to improve functional and aesthetic outcomes for patients with significant facial scarring.