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Updated: May 4, 2026

Noninvasive Determination of Vortex Formation Time Using Transesophageal Echocardiography During Cardiac Surgery
Published on: November 28, 2018
Esophageal perforation associated with fontan operation: a complication of transesophageal echocardiography
Gaurav Kumar1, Sylvio Provenzano, Nelson Alphonso
1Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Queensland Pediatric Cardiac Service, Mater Children's Hospital, South Brisbane, Australia.
Abstract:
A 10-year-old girl with unbalanced atrioventricular septal defect and aortic arch interruption with interrupted inferior vena cava and dextrocardia had undergone a modified Norwood procedure followed by a Kawashima operation in 2002 and 2005, respectively. In 2012, she underwent Fontan operation with diversion of hepatic veins to left pulmonary artery. Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) was used. She was noted to have an esophageal perforation, diagnosed on the 10th postoperative day. She was managed with thoracic drainage, cervical esophagostomy, and feeding jejunostomy. Esophageal perforation is a rare complication of TEE and requires very aggressive treatment.
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