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Fabrication of Gate-tunable Graphene Devices for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies with Coulomb Impurities

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The tunable hydrophobic effect on electrically doped graphene.

Joseph H J Ostrowski¹, Joel D Eaves

¹Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 215 UCB, University of Colorado at Boulder , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B

|December 17, 2013

Summary

Electrically doping single layer graphene significantly alters its hydrophobic effect, a phenomenon explained by electrowetting. The contact angle changes quartically with voltage due to unique electronic properties.

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Area of Science:

Surface Science
Condensed Matter Physics
Computational Materials Science

Background:

The hydrophobic effect describes water's tendency to minimize contact with nonpolar surfaces.
Graphene's unique electronic properties make it a candidate for novel surface interactions.
Controlling surface wettability is crucial for applications in microfluidics and coatings.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of electrical doping on the hydrophobic properties of single-layer graphene.
To elucidate the underlying physical mechanisms governing graphene-water interactions under an electric field.
To explore the relationship between doping levels and changes in surface contact angle.

Main Methods:

Molecular dynamics simulations were employed to model graphene-water interfaces.
Electrical doping was simulated by varying voltage levels applied to the graphene sheet.
Contact angle measurements were derived from simulation data to quantify hydrophobicity.

Main Results:

Significant changes in the graphene-water contact angle were observed with applied voltages.
The observed electrowetting effect was attributed to the renormalization of surface tension by the electric field.
The cosine of the contact angle exhibited a quartic dependence on the applied voltage, differing from quadratic scaling in other materials.

Conclusions:

Electrowetting provides a comprehensive explanation for the voltage-dependent hydrophobic response of doped graphene.
The quartic scaling highlights the distinct electronic behavior of single-layer graphene near the Fermi energy.
Further investigation is needed to explain the observed asymmetry in hydrophobic response between n- and p-doping.