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Related Concept Videos

Adrenal Gland Disorders01:27

Adrenal Gland Disorders

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Adrenal gland disorders manifest when the production of adrenal hormones deviates from the norm, resulting in either excessive or insufficient concentrations.
Adrenal insufficiency, characterized by insufficient cortisol and aldosterone production, leads to conditions like Addison's disease. This disorder, affecting the adrenal cortex, exhibits symptoms such as skin bronzing, dehydration, low blood pressure, fatigue, and weight loss. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a genetic ailment causing...
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Anatomy of the Adrenal Glands01:17

Anatomy of the Adrenal Glands

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The adrenal or supra-renal glands, situated above the kidneys and aligned with the twelfth rib, are paired pyramid-shaped structures crucial for the body's stress response. During stress, these glands secrete hormones vital for adaptive physiological reactions.
These glands possess a distinctive yellow tinge due to the stored cholesterol and fatty acids required for hormone synthesis. They are encased in a fibrous capsule and cushioned by fat.
The adrenal gland comprises two distinct...
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Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology01:19

Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology

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Cortisol production is normally governed by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, which maintains hormonal balance through tightly regulated feedback mechanisms. Disruption of this regulatory system is central to the development of Cushing syndrome, whether the excess cortisol originates from external medications or internal pathology. Persistent cortisol elevation alters metabolism, immune function, and endocrine signaling, producing the characteristic clinical features...
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Cushing Syndrome I: Introduction01:26

Cushing Syndrome I: Introduction

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Cushing syndrome refers to the collection of clinical manifestations that arise when tissues are exposed to excessive amounts of cortisol or cortisol-like medications over an extended period. Cortisol, a glucocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex, regulates metabolism, immune responses, and the body’s adaptation to stress. When its concentration remains chronically elevated, these physiological pathways become dysregulated, resulting in the characteristic features of the...
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Hormones of the Adrenal Glands01:31

Hormones of the Adrenal Glands

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Adrenal hormones play a pivotal role in maintaining the body's electrolyte balance and orchestrating responses to stress, showcasing the intricate functions of the adrenal cortex and medulla.
The adrenal cortex, a powerhouse of hormone synthesis, generates over two dozen corticosteroid hormones. The zona glomerulosa produces mineralocorticoids, exemplified by aldosterone, influencing the electrolyte composition of body fluids. The synthesis of glucocorticoids such as cortisol and...
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Sympathetic Pathways: Collateral Ganglia and Adrenal Medulla01:27

Sympathetic Pathways: Collateral Ganglia and Adrenal Medulla

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The sympathetic pathways of the collateral ganglia and adrenal medulla serve unique but interconnected roles in the sympathetic response.
Collateral Ganglia
Sympathetic preganglionic axons reach the collateral ganglia along the route of splanchnic nerves. These nerves bypass the sympathetic trunk and communicate with sympathetic postganglionic neurons housed in the prevertebral ganglia. These ganglia supply the organs of the abdominopelvic cavity.
The greater splanchnic nerve, formed by the...
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Related Experiment Video

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A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling
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Giant adrenal pseudocyst.

Ahmadreza Soroush1, Taha Anbara2, Marzieh Lashkari3

  • 1Department of Surgery, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran. amna207@yahoo.com.

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Summary

Giant adrenal pseudocysts are rare, nonfunctional adrenal lesions. This case highlights surgical excision for a symptomatic giant adrenal pseudocyst in a 32-year-old woman with flank pain.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Surgical Pathology
  • Abdominal Imaging

Background:

  • Adrenal cysts are uncommon endocrine system lesions, typically asymptomatic and nonfunctional.
  • Adrenal pseudocysts, lacking epithelial linings, constitute approximately 40% of all adrenal cysts.
  • Giant adrenal pseudocysts are exceptionally rare, posing diagnostic and management challenges.

Observation:

  • A 32-year-old woman presented with significant flank pain, indicative of a symptomatic adrenal lesion.
  • Imaging studies revealed a large, space-occupying lesion in the adrenal gland.
  • The lesion was identified as a giant adrenal pseudocyst based on its characteristics.

Findings:

  • The patient's giant adrenal pseudocyst was successfully treated with surgical excision.
  • Histopathological examination confirmed the absence of an epithelial lining, consistent with a pseudocyst.
  • Post-operative recovery was uneventful, with resolution of flank pain.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the importance of considering adrenal pseudocysts in the differential diagnosis of adrenal masses, even when giant.
  • Surgical intervention can be a safe and effective treatment for symptomatic giant adrenal pseudocysts.
  • Further research into the etiology and optimal management of giant adrenal pseudocysts is warranted.