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Dynamical phase transitions occur in dense colloidal systems. New models reveal continuous and discontinuous transitions, suggesting novel universality classes for particle interactions.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Statistical Mechanics

Background:

  • Periodically sheared colloids exhibit dynamical phase transitions from inactive to active states with increasing strain amplitude.
  • At low densities, the inactive phase shows no particle collisions, while the active phase maintains persistent collisions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate dynamical phase transitions in higher-density colloidal systems.
  • To explore conserved-particle-number contact processes with three-body interactions.
  • To examine the caging effect for potential second dynamical phase transitions.

Main Methods:

  • Construction and study of a conserved-particle-number contact process with three-body interactions.
  • Mean-field analysis of the system's behavior.
  • Simulations on square lattices to analyze phase transitions and critical exponents.
  • Investigation of kinetically constrained models and the caging effect.

Main Results:

  • A continuous dynamical phase transition was observed in mean-field and lattice simulations for one type of three-body interaction, with exponents similar to the conserved lattice gas (CLG) model.
  • A different three-body interaction (two active particles activating one inactive) resulted in a discontinuous transition.
  • Square lattice simulations suggest a continuous transition with a new set of exponents at higher densities due to the caging effect, differing from CLG and directed percolation.

Conclusions:

  • Three-body interactions can lead to continuous or discontinuous dynamical phase transitions in dense colloidal systems.
  • The observed continuous transition at higher densities, characterized by a new set of exponents, indicates a potentially new universality class for contact processes with conserved particle number.
  • The study provides insights into the complex dynamics of dense particle systems and their phase behavior.