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Voter models with contrarian agents.

Naoki Masuda1

  • 1Department of Mathematical Informatics, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|December 17, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Introducing contrarian agents into opinion formation models prevents full consensus. Even a small number of contrarians disrupt population-wide agreement in all investigated models.

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Area of Science:

  • Social dynamics
  • Statistical physics
  • Opinion formation modeling

Background:

  • Voter models commonly assume agents are congregators (conformists) who adopt others' opinions.
  • This study extends the voter model by incorporating contrarian agents with binary opinions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of contrarian agents on opinion dynamics in a modified voter model.
  • To analyze three distinct models of contrarian behavior and their effect on consensus formation.

Main Methods:

  • Developed three linear extensions of the voter model featuring congregator and contrarian agents.
  • Analyzed agent interactions: contrarians mimicking other contrarians and opposing congregators (Model 1); contrarians mimicking congregators and opposing other contrarians (Model 2); contrarians opposing all agents (Model 3).
  • Employed van Kampen small-fluctuation approximation and Fokker-Planck equation to derive equilibrium distributions.

Main Results:

  • Even a small presence of contrarians prevents the entire population from reaching consensus across all three models.
  • Derived equilibrium distributions for scenarios with many and single contrarians.
  • Observed significantly larger fluctuations around the symmetric coexistence equilibrium in Model 2 compared to Models 1 and 3 when contrarians are rare.

Conclusions:

  • Contrarian agents fundamentally alter opinion dynamics, inhibiting consensus in modified voter models.
  • The specific behavior of contrarians (mimicking or opposing) influences the stability and fluctuation of opinion distributions.
  • Model 2, where contrarians oppose other contrarians, exhibits the most pronounced deviations from consensus when contrarians are scarce.