Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Non-Stoichiometric Defects01:29

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Non-Stoichiometric Defects

115
Non-stoichiometric defects refer to a type of defect in the crystal structure of a compound where the ratio of its constituent elements deviates from the ideal stoichiometric ratio. There are two main types of non-stoichiometric defects: metal excess defects and metal deficiency defects.Metal excess defects occur when there is a slight surplus of metal ions than what is required by the stoichiometric ratio of the compound. For example, heating a sodium chloride crystal in sodium vapor results...
115
The Uncertainty Principle04:08

The Uncertainty Principle

25.6K
Werner Heisenberg considered the limits of how accurately one can measure properties of an electron or other microscopic particles. He determined that there is a fundamental limit to how accurately one can measure both a particle’s position and its momentum simultaneously. The more accurate the measurement of the momentum of a particle is known, the less accurate the position at that time is known and vice versa. This is what is now called the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. He...
25.6K
Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects01:26

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects

143
Schottky defects arise when some lattice points in a crystal, such as those in NaCl, remain unoccupied, creating lattice vacancies without disturbing the overall electrical neutrality of the crystal. This defect is common in ionic crystals where the positive and negative ions are similar in size, as seen in sodium chloride and cesium chloride. The presence of Schottky defects enables the crystal to conduct electricity to a small extent through an ionic mechanism. Electric fields cause nearby...
143
Minor Losses in Pipes01:25

Minor Losses in Pipes

2.2K
In pipe systems, minor losses refer to energy losses arising from components such as valves, bends, fittings, expansions, and other features that disrupt the steady flow of fluid. These disturbances cause energy dissipation through turbulence and resistance, which engineers quantify to manage system efficiency effectively.
Valves play a significant role in generating minor losses by obstructing or redirecting the fluid flow. When a valve is closed or partially closed, it restricts the flow...
2.2K
Lumber Defects01:23

Lumber Defects

818
Lumber defects, which can affect both the appearance and structural integrity of wood, include a variety of growth and manufacturing flaws. Growth defects such as knots and knotholes occur where branches were once attached to the tree trunk, with knotholes forming when these knots fall out. Other natural defects include decay and insect damage, which compromise the wood's strength and durability.
Shakes are minor fractures that run along or across the wood's annual rings, while wane is...
818
Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Point, Line and Plane Defects01:25

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Point, Line and Plane Defects

150
A perfect crystal, in theory, has a uniform structure with the same unit cell and lattice points throughout. However, any deviation from this periodic arrangement is known as an imperfection or defect. These defects can be categorized into three types: point, line, and plane defects.Point defects occur when there is a deviation from the ideal due to missing atoms, displaced atoms, or additional atoms. These imperfections might occur due to imperfect packing during crystallization or because of...
150

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Use of oscillatory positive expiratory pressure (OPEP) devices to augment sputum clearance in COPD: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis.

Chronic respiratory disease·2026
Same author

Effect of Dietary Nitrate Supplementation on Exercise Performance in Hypoxic IPF (EDEN-OX3): a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised crossover study.

Thorax·2026
Same author

Relationship of breathlessness with social isolation and loneliness: a nationally representative cohort study of older adults in England.

BMJ public health·2026
Same author

<i>A London Lark Rising</i>: the story of the people and places of the East India Company.

BMJ (Clinical research ed.)·2026
Same author

Establishing the top 10 research priorities for lung volume reduction treatment for people with COPD.

Thorax·2026
Same author

The 2026 Tobacco and Vapes Act: on to the tobacco endgame.

Thorax·2026
Same journal

Still Treating Yesterday's Risk? Reconsidering Antiviral Use for Mild-to-Moderate COVID-19 Cases in a Broadly Immune Population.

The Medical journal of Australia·2026
Same journal

Striving for Racial Equity in Oral Cancer Research: A Case Study.

The Medical journal of Australia·2026
Same journal

Progressing Cross-Sector Collaboration for People With Eating Disorders and Higher Weight: Priority Actions From an Expert Roundtable Using a Modified Nominal Group Technique.

The Medical journal of Australia·2026
Same journal

Self-Poisoning With Prazosin and Its Off-Label Use in Australia, 2014-2024: Analysis of NSW Poisons Information Centre Data.

The Medical journal of Australia·2026
Same journal

Drivers of Vaccine Uptake for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Children to Inform Tailored Strategies: A Qualitative Study Exploring Health Service Provider Perspective.

The Medical journal of Australia·2026
Same journal

Four Urgent Actions for the Rights to Culturally Safe Breastfeeding for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Mothers and Babies to Breastfeed in Neonatal Intensive Care Environments.

The Medical journal of Australia·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 4, 2026

Exploring the Use of Isolated Expressions and Film Clips to Evaluate Emotion Recognition by People with Traumatic Brain Injury
05:51

Exploring the Use of Isolated Expressions and Film Clips to Evaluate Emotion Recognition by People with Traumatic Brain Injury

Published on: May 15, 2016

8.4K

The hobbit - an unexpected deficiency.

Joseph A Hopkinson1, Nicholas S Hopkinson2

  • 1National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College London, London, UK. n.hopkinson@ic.ac.uk.

The Medical Journal of Australia
|December 17, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Characters in fantasy literature with higher vitamin D scores, indicating more sun exposure and better diet, were more likely to be good and victorious. This suggests vitamin D may influence fictional moral outcomes.

More Related Videos

The Use of the Puzzle Box as a Means of Assessing the Efficacy of Environmental Enrichment
06:50

The Use of the Puzzle Box as a Means of Assessing the Efficacy of Environmental Enrichment

Published on: December 29, 2014

11.5K
Comprehensive Characterization of Extended Defects in Semiconductor Materials by a Scanning Electron Microscope
11:14

Comprehensive Characterization of Extended Defects in Semiconductor Materials by a Scanning Electron Microscope

Published on: May 28, 2016

13.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 4, 2026

Exploring the Use of Isolated Expressions and Film Clips to Evaluate Emotion Recognition by People with Traumatic Brain Injury
05:51

Exploring the Use of Isolated Expressions and Film Clips to Evaluate Emotion Recognition by People with Traumatic Brain Injury

Published on: May 15, 2016

8.4K
The Use of the Puzzle Box as a Means of Assessing the Efficacy of Environmental Enrichment
06:50

The Use of the Puzzle Box as a Means of Assessing the Efficacy of Environmental Enrichment

Published on: December 29, 2014

11.5K
Comprehensive Characterization of Extended Defects in Semiconductor Materials by a Scanning Electron Microscope
11:14

Comprehensive Characterization of Extended Defects in Semiconductor Materials by a Scanning Electron Microscope

Published on: May 28, 2016

13.4K

Area of Science:

  • Nutritional Science
  • Literary Analysis
  • Fantasy Literature Studies

Background:

  • Vitamin D is recognized for its broad health benefits.
  • Deficiency in vitamin D, linked to reduced sun exposure and poor diet, is explored as a potential factor in fictional narratives.
  • The interplay between physiological factors and character morality in literature is an emerging area of interest.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the hypothesis that vitamin D deficiency contributes to the prevalence of evil over good in fantasy literature.
  • To explore the potential link between vitamin D levels and the moral alignment and success of characters in J. R. R. Tolkien's 'The Hobbit'.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic extraction of data on dietary habits, moral attributes, and combat effectiveness of characters from 'The Hobbit'.
  • Development of a vitamin D score (0-4) based on dietary intake and habitual sun exposure.
  • Binary scoring for characters' goodness and victoriousness.

Main Results:

  • Characters depicted as good and victorious exhibited significantly higher vitamin D scores (mean 3.4, SD 0.5) compared to evil and defeated characters (mean 0.2, SD 0.4).
  • The difference in vitamin D scores between the two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:

  • Pilot study findings suggest a correlation between higher vitamin D levels and positive moral attributes and success in fantasy characters.
  • Further research is warranted to determine if these findings apply to other fictional settings.
  • The potential need for randomized intervention trials in fictional contexts is proposed.