Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Factors Influencing Heart Rate01:30

Factors Influencing Heart Rate

5.6K
The heart rate, or pulse rate, is a vital indicator of cardiovascular health. It reflects the number of times the heart beats per minute. Various physiological and environmental factors influence heart rate, increasing or decreasing cardiac output. Understanding these factors is crucial for assessing heart function and identifying potential health issues.
Let us explore the significant factors affecting heart rate, including age, body temperature, posture, acute pain, chemical influences,...
5.6K
Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle01:22

Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle

2.4K
The ovarian cycle regulates endometrial changes throughout a single menstrual cycle via the coordinated action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotrophins.
At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH...
2.4K
Menopause01:28

Menopause

5.0K
Menopause, a natural biological process marking the end of a woman's fertility, typically occurs between the fifth and sixth decade of life. This phase is characterized by the exhaustion of the ovarian follicle pool, leading to less responsive ovaries despite the high levels of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH). The consequential decrease in estrogen production results in symptoms like hot flashes, heavy sweating, headaches, hair loss, muscle pains, vaginal...
5.0K
Regulation of Heart Rates01:31

Regulation of Heart Rates

6.0K
The regulation of heart rate is a complex process controlled by the autonomic nervous system (ANS), hormonal influences, and intrinsic cardiac mechanisms. The ANS has two main components: the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS).
The SNS increases heart rate through the release of norepinephrine and epinephrine, which act on beta-1 adrenergic receptors in the heart. This action increases the rate of depolarization in the sinoatrial (SA) node, the heart's...
6.0K
Hormonal Regulation of Blood Pressure01:17

Hormonal Regulation of Blood Pressure

7.8K
Endocrinal or hormonal intervention in the cardiovascular system is predominantly exerted by the catecholamines - epinephrine and norepinephrine, as well as a slew of hormones that interact with renal function to modulate blood volume.
Epinephrine and Norepinephrine
The adrenal medulla releases epinephrine and norepinephrine, catecholamines that enhance and extend the sympathetic or "fight or flight" physiological response. These hormones escalate heart rate and the force of contraction...
7.8K
Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle01:30

Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle

5.1K
The ovarian cycle is meticulously regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This cycle orchestrates the release of a mature oocyte, essential for reproduction.
Before puberty, the hypothalamus releases GnRH in a low frequency, low amplitude pulsatile manner. This along with the immature hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity, results in low estrogen levels and the absence of a fully functional ovarian cycle.  At puberty, GnRH secretion increases in both frequency and...
5.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

First Real-Time Imaging of Acute Effects of Arteriovenous Fistula on Regional Distribution of Pulmonary Perfusion in a Novel Porcine Model.

Physiological research·2025
Same author

Sex Related Differences in Electrocardiography.

Physiological research·2023
Same author

A large arteriovenous fistula steals a considerable part of systemic blood flow during veno-arterial extracorporeal circulation support in a porcine model.

Frontiers in physiology·2023
Same author

Comparing the hemodynamic effect of a large arteriovenous fistula during high and low cardiac output states.

Frontiers in physiology·2023
Same author

Ten years of our translational research in the field of veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

Physiological research·2023
Same author

Hemodynamic adaptation of heart failure to percutaneous venoarterial extracorporeal circulatory supports.

Physiological research·2020

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 4, 2026

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause
06:18

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause

Published on: August 13, 2019

11.7K

Estrogen can modulate menopausal women's heart rate variability.

S-G Yang1, M Mlček, O Kittnar

  • 1Institute of Physiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic. otomar.kittnar@staff.cuni.cz.

Physiological Research
|December 17, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Hormone therapy with estrogen only improves heart rate variability (HRV) in post-menopausal women, suggesting better cardiovascular health. Combined estrogen-progesterone therapy showed no significant effect on HRV.

More Related Videos

A Method to Study the Impact of Chemically-induced Ovarian Failure on Exercise Capacity and Cardiac Adaptation in Mice
14:26

A Method to Study the Impact of Chemically-induced Ovarian Failure on Exercise Capacity and Cardiac Adaptation in Mice

Published on: April 7, 2014

16.6K
Protocol for Studying Extinction of Conditioned Fear in Naturally Cycling Female Rats
09:07

Protocol for Studying Extinction of Conditioned Fear in Naturally Cycling Female Rats

Published on: February 23, 2015

13.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 4, 2026

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause
06:18

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause

Published on: August 13, 2019

11.7K
A Method to Study the Impact of Chemically-induced Ovarian Failure on Exercise Capacity and Cardiac Adaptation in Mice
14:26

A Method to Study the Impact of Chemically-induced Ovarian Failure on Exercise Capacity and Cardiac Adaptation in Mice

Published on: April 7, 2014

16.6K
Protocol for Studying Extinction of Conditioned Fear in Naturally Cycling Female Rats
09:07

Protocol for Studying Extinction of Conditioned Fear in Naturally Cycling Female Rats

Published on: February 23, 2015

13.3K

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Endocrinology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Menopause is associated with changes in autonomic control of heart rate.
  • Hormonal changes during menopause can impact cardiovascular health.
  • Heart rate variability (HRV) reflects autonomic nervous system activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare HRV responses to two types of hormone therapy (HT) in post-menopausal women.
  • To assess the short-term effects of HT on autonomic control of heart rate.
  • To elucidate the influence of menopause and HT on heart rate variability.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional and follow-up study designs were employed.
  • HRV was evaluated in five groups: premenopausal women, postmenopausal women without HT, women on estrogen-only HT, women on combined estrogen-progesterone HT, and men.
  • Frequency-domain analysis of short-term R-R intervals was used to assess HRV parameters, including low frequency power (LF) and high frequency power (HF).

Main Results:

  • Premenopausal women and men exhibited higher LF% compared to untreated postmenopausal women.
  • Estrogen-only therapy decreased LF% and increased HF power, indicating improved HRV.
  • Combined estrogen-progesterone therapy did not significantly alter HRV parameters compared to untreated postmenopausal women.

Conclusions:

  • Estrogen-only therapy shifts HRV parameters toward more beneficial values for cardiovascular risk in post-menopausal women.
  • Estrogen-only therapy appears to restore some aspects of autonomic modulation lost after menopause.
  • Combined estrogen-progesterone therapy does not offer the same cardiovascular benefits regarding HRV.