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Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

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Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
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Cells of the Innate Immune Response01:28

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The innate immune response is an immediate and non-specific response against pathogens, acting swiftly to prevent the spread of infections. The primary cells involved in this response are phagocytes and natural killer (NK) cells.
Phagocytes
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Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

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The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
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Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

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Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
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The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
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Using X-ray Crystallography, Biophysics, and Functional Assays to Determine the Mechanisms Governing T-cell Receptor Recognition of Cancer Antigens
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T lymphocytes targeting native receptors.

Cliona M Rooney1, Ann M Leen, Juan F Vera

  • 1Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.

Immunological Reviews
|December 17, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adoptive T-cell therapy shows promise for treating cancers by targeting tumor antigens (TAs). Research focuses on enhancing T-cell expansion and survival for broader application, especially for non-viral tumors.

Keywords:
Epstein Barr virustumor antigenvirus-specific T cells

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Cell Therapy

Background:

  • Adoptive T-cell therapy using tumor antigen (TA)-specific T cells offers targeted cancer treatment with minimal toxicity.
  • Successful remissions are observed in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive cancers using EBV-specific T cells, but resistance can occur with limited specificity.
  • Adapting T-cell therapy for non-viral tumors is challenging due to less immunogenic antigens and weaker tumor danger signals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define optimal conditions for ex vivo expansion of antigen-specific T cells.
  • To enhance in vivo persistence and survival of adoptively transferred T cells.
  • To streamline manufacturing and evaluate banked T cells for broader accessibility.

Main Methods:

  • Infusion of antigen-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells.
  • Combination therapies including lymphodepletion, checkpoint inhibition, and cytokine infusions.
  • Ex vivo T cell expansion and evaluation of banked, HLA-matched T cells.

Main Results:

  • Sustained complete tumor remissions achieved in EBV-positive malignancies.
  • Demonstrated efficacy even in immunocompetent individuals with EBV-positive tumors.
  • Identified challenges in targeting non-viral tumors and resistance mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • Antigen-specific T-cell therapy is a viable strategy for certain cancers, particularly EBV-driven malignancies.
  • Further research is needed to overcome challenges in treating non-viral tumors and improve therapy accessibility.
  • Streamlining manufacturing and utilizing banked T cells are crucial for widespread clinical adoption.