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The pH of a solution containing an acid can be determined using its acid dissociation constant and its initial concentration. If a solution contains two different acids, then its pH can be determined using one of several methods depending upon the relative strength of the acids and their dissociation constants.
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Ca(OH)2 application modes: in vitro alkalinity and clinical effect on bacteria.

E K Sirén1, E Kerosuo, E Lavonius

  • 1Department of Oral Infectious Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.

International Endodontic Journal
|December 17, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Calcium hydroxide (CH) products vary in alkalinity; aqueous mixtures maintained higher pH than gels or CHGP. Both CHGP and conventional CH paste showed antimicrobial effects in clinical trials, with no significant difference between them.

Keywords:
Ca(OH)2alkalinitybacteriaclinical trialgutta-percharoot canal therapy

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Area of Science:

  • Endodontics
  • Dental materials science

Background:

  • Calcium hydroxide (CH) is widely used in endodontics for its antimicrobial properties and ability to maintain an alkaline environment.
  • Different formulations of CH exist, including pastes, gels, and combinations with gutta-percha, which may influence their performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the alkalinity maintenance of five calcium hydroxide (CH) products, including CH-gutta-percha Plus points (CHGP) and conventional CH paste.
  • To evaluate the clinical antimicrobial efficacy of CHGP.

Main Methods:

  • Laboratory assessment of CH product alkalinity via titration with HCl and in the presence of dentine powder.
  • Clinical trial involving 21 teeth with apical periodontitis, medicated with either CHGP or conventional CH paste.
  • Bacterial sampling before and after treatment, with statistical analysis using ANOVA and Fisher's exact test.

Main Results:

  • Aqueous CH mixtures and Calasept demonstrated the highest alkalinity, while gel products and CHGP showed significantly lower values.
  • Dentine powder neutralized all tested CH products to pH 8.6 within 24 hours.
  • Clinical trials showed culture-negative results in 5/10 canals for CHGP and 7/11 for conventional CH, with no statistically significant difference.

Conclusions:

  • Aqueous CH formulations maintain higher pH compared to viscous gel products and CHGP.
  • Dentine powder exhibits a consistent buffering effect across all tested CH products.
  • Both CHGP and conventional CH paste possess clinical antimicrobial activity, but without a significant difference in efficacy.