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Related Concept Videos

Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

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Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
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Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

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Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
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Schmallenberg Virus beyond Latitude 65°N.

E Chenais1, K Ståhl1, J Frössling1

  • 1National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden.

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases
|December 17, 2013
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Summary

Schmallenberg virus (SBV) rapidly spread across Sweden in 2012, detected through milk surveys. High seroprevalence indicates widespread SBV circulation, with potential for future re-emergence in cattle.

Keywords:
Schmallenberg virusbulk milkemergingsurveillancevectorborne infection

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Virology
  • Epidemiology
  • Animal Health

Background:

  • Schmallenberg virus (SBV) is an arbovirus affecting livestock.
  • Understanding SBV's spread is crucial for disease management in animal populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the extensive and rapid spread of Schmallenberg virus (SBV) in Sweden.
  • To determine the seroprevalence and spatial distribution of SBV in cattle herds.

Main Methods:

  • Consecutive serological bulk milk surveys conducted before and after the 2012 vector season.
  • Analysis of SBV-specific antibodies in 723 randomly collected bulk milk samples nationwide.
  • Confirmation of SBV circulation through detection in affected livestock.

Main Results:

  • Prevalence increased from <0.2% of herds in spring 2012 to nearly 75% by autumn.
  • SBV antibodies were detected nationwide, even above the 65th northern latitude.
  • Evidence suggests multiple introductions and peak transmission between August and October 2012.
  • Heterogeneous within-herd seroprevalence indicates remaining susceptible animal populations.

Conclusions:

  • SBV experienced extensive and rapid spread throughout Sweden during the 2012 vector season.
  • Multiple introductions and efficient transmission occurred, with potential for re-emergence.
  • Ongoing surveillance is necessary to monitor SBV in Sweden.