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Related Concept Videos

An Overview of the Endocrine System01:10

An Overview of the Endocrine System

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The endocrine system, a complex network of glands, orchestrates physiological balance within the body through the production and secretion of hormones. These hormones are chemical messengers in intercellular communication, acting as conduits between the secretory cells and distant target sites. They traverse the circulatory system by being released into the extracellular fluid, and their impact is specific to cells possessing receptors for a particular hormone.
The endocrine system collaborates...
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Structures of the Endocrine System00:59

Structures of the Endocrine System

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The intricate framework of the endocrine system encompasses a diverse array of glands, with their target tissues and organs strategically distributed throughout the body. Central to this network are the endocrine glands, specialized structures that lack ducts and release hormones directly into the interstitial fluid. Notably, the hypothalamus, a vital neuroendocrine organ situated in the brain, governs neural functions and serves as a potent source of hormonal regulation. Near the hypothalamus...
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Regulation of Hormone Secretion01:19

Regulation of Hormone Secretion

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Regulation of hormone secretion is a finely tuned orchestration driven by various types of stimuli, encompassing neural, humoral, and hormonal signals. Environmental cues instigate neural stimuli, where action potentials traverse nerve fibers to reach their designated targets. An illustrative scenario is the body's response to stress, wherein the sympathetic nervous system releases epinephrine from the adrenal glands, inducing the well-known 'fight or flight' reaction.
Humoral...
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Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
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The Endocrine System01:29

The Endocrine System

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The endocrine system is an extensive network of glands – organs or tissues in the body that create chemicals that control many bodily functions, that secrete hormones, which are chemical messengers that play essential roles in regulating various bodily functions. These hormones are secreted into the bloodstream and travel throughout the body. They require specific receptors to convey signals to cells possessing these corresponding receptors. This complex signaling mechanism ensures that...
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What is the Endocrine System?00:46

What is the Endocrine System?

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The endocrine system sends hormones—chemical signals—through the bloodstream to target cells—the cells the hormones selectively affect. These signals are produced in endocrine cells, secreted into the extracellular fluid, and then diffuse into the blood. Eventually, they diffuse out of the blood and bind to target cells which have specialized receptors to recognize the hormones.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 4, 2026

Assessing Cellular Stress and Inflammation in Discrete Oxytocin-secreting Brain Nuclei in the Neonatal Rat Before and After First Colostrum Feeding
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Assessing Cellular Stress and Inflammation in Discrete Oxytocin-secreting Brain Nuclei in the Neonatal Rat Before and After First Colostrum Feeding

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Endocrine physiology in the newborn.

Ari J Wassner1, Biren P Modi2

  • 1Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.

Seminars in Pediatric Surgery
|December 17, 2013
PubMed
Summary

This review covers normal endocrine physiology in newborns, focusing on thyroid, adrenal, glucose, and calcium metabolism for surgical patients. Understanding these hormonal dynamics is crucial for diagnosing endocrine conditions in infants.

Keywords:
AdrenalCalciumEndocrinologyGlucoseNeonatalNewbornPhysiologyThyroid

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Last Updated: May 4, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Endocrinology
  • Pediatric Surgery
  • Endocrine Physiology

Background:

  • Evaluating endocrine pathology in newborns requires understanding normal hormonal development.
  • Neonatal surgical patients often present with complex endocrine-related issues.
  • Dynamic hormonal changes are characteristic of the neonatal period.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review normal endocrine physiology relevant to neonatal surgical patients.
  • To provide a foundation for diagnosing endocrine disorders in this population.
  • To highlight key hormonal functions in common clinical scenarios.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of endocrine physiology in the neonatal period.
  • Focus on thyroid function, adrenal function, glucose metabolism, and calcium metabolism.
  • Integration of physiological data with clinical scenarios in neonatal surgery.

Main Results:

  • Detailed overview of normal thyroid hormone production and regulation in neonates.
  • Explanation of normal adrenal gland function, including stress response and hormone synthesis.
  • Summary of glucose homeostasis mechanisms and calcium balance in newborn infants.

Conclusions:

  • Knowledge of normal neonatal endocrine function is essential for accurate diagnosis.
  • This review serves as a resource for clinicians managing surgical neonates with suspected endocrine issues.
  • Understanding hormonal dynamics aids in timely and appropriate intervention for endocrine pathologies.