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Related Concept Videos

Internal Anatomy of the Kidney01:12

Internal Anatomy of the Kidney

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The kidneys are essential organs in the human body, performing a myriad of tasks that maintain homeostasis and overall health.
Anatomical Position and Dimensions
The kidneys are retroperitoneal organs positioned against the posterior abdominal wall on either side of the spine, roughly between the twelfth thoracic and third lumbar vertebrae. Each kidney is typically 10-12 cm long, 5-6 cm wide, and 3-4 cm thick, weighing about 150 grams.
Renal Cortex
The outermost region of the kidney is the...
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Kidney Structure01:45

Kidney Structure

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The kidneys are two large bean-shaped organs located in the upper abdomen. They filter the blood several times a day to remove toxins and rebalance water and electrolytes of the circulatory system via the renal veins. The kidneys receive blood directly from the heart via the renal arteries. These arteries enter the kidney at the hilum, the concave surface of the bean, where they branch and divide into smaller vessels and capillaries.
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External Anatomy of the Kidney01:21

External Anatomy of the Kidney

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The kidneys are a pair of bean-shaped organs in the human body that play a critical role in maintaining overall health. They filter out waste products from the blood, regulate blood pressure, maintain electrolyte balance, and stimulate the production of red blood cells.
The kidneys are located in the retroperitoneal space on either side of the vertebral column, protected posteriorly by the 11th and 12th ribs. The right kidney sits slightly lower than the left owing to the presence of the liver...
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Nephrons01:10

Nephrons

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The kidneys are intricate organs with millions of working units known as nephrons. Each nephron features two major structures: the renal corpuscle, which facilitates blood plasma filtration, and the renal tubule, which handles the glomerular filtrate. Blood supply is directly linked to the nephrons. The renal corpuscle consists of the glomerulus, a capillary network, and the Bowman's capsule, a double-walled epithelial structure that encases the glomerulus. The filtering of blood plasma...
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Renal Corpuscle01:20

Renal Corpuscle

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The glomerulus and Bowman's capsule are two essential components of the nephron, which is the functional unit of the kidney. These microscopic structures play a critical role in the process of blood filtration to produce urine.
Glomerulus: Structure and Function
The glomerulus is a tiny, intricate network of capillaries located at the beginning of the nephron. It's enveloped by the Bowman's capsule and receives its blood supply from an afferent arteriole, which divides into numerous...
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Renal Tubule and Collecting Duct01:24

Renal Tubule and Collecting Duct

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The renal tubule is divided into three parts: the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), the Loop of Henle (LOH), and the distal convoluted tubule (DCT).
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT):
The PCT is the initial segment of the renal tubule, extending from the Bowman's capsule that encloses the glomerulus. Its convoluted structure and microvilli-lined cells increase the surface area for reabsorption. The PCT reabsorbs glucose, amino acids, sodium, and water from the filtrate, ensuring essential...
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Updated: May 4, 2026

Author Spotlight: Developing a Bedside Protocol for Kidney and Genitourinary Ultrasonography
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The not-so-simple renal cyst.

Samantha Low1, Maleeha Azim, Elaine Wan

  • 1Queens Hospital Romford, London, United Kingdom.

The Canadian Journal of Urology
|December 17, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Simple renal cysts, typically seen in older males, can become infected. This case highlights a young female with an infected renal cyst initially misdiagnosed as pyelonephritis, successfully treated with antibiotics and drainage.

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Simple renal cysts are common, particularly in elderly males.
  • Most cysts are asymptomatic and require no treatment.
  • Complications like infection, hemorrhage, or rupture are rare but necessitate intervention.

Observation:

  • A 31-year-old female presented with symptoms initially suggestive of acute pyelonephritis.
  • A simple renal cyst was identified as the source of infection.
  • High clinical suspicion was crucial for accurate diagnosis.

Findings:

  • The patient was diagnosed with an infected renal cyst.
  • Treatment involved antibiotic therapy and radiological drainage.
  • The patient experienced a full recovery with minimal complications.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the importance of considering infected renal cysts in younger patients presenting with pyelonephritis-like symptoms.
  • Prompt diagnosis and appropriate management (antibiotics and drainage) lead to favorable outcomes.
  • Highlights the need for clinical vigilance in diagnosing rare complications of simple renal cysts.