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Inositol-requiring kinase one or IRE1 is the most conserved eukaryotic unfolded protein response (UPR) receptor. It is a type I transmembrane protein kinase receptor with a distinctive site-specific RNase activity. As the binding mechanics of the misfolded proteins with the N-terminal domain of IRE-1 are unclear, three binding models — direct, indirect, and allosteric -- are proposed for receptor activation. Nevertheless, it is known that once a misfolded protein associates with IRE1, it...
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Embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells are excellent models for disease research because of their ability to self-renew and differentiate into most cell types. Somatic cells from a patient are isolated and reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs. These iPSCs are later differentiated into the desired cell type, which mirrors the diseased cell of the patient. In this way, disease models have been created for investigating diseases such as Down syndrome, type I diabetes,...
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PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
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[Irisin: a messenger from the gods?].

María Moreno1, José María Moreno-Navarrete1, José Manuel Fernández-Real1

  • 1Departamento de Diabetes, Endocrinología y Nutrición, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), CIBEROBN (CB06/03/010) e Instituto de Salud CarlosIII (ISCIII), Girona, España.

Clinica E Investigacion En Arteriosclerosis : Publicacion Oficial De La Sociedad Espanola De Arteriosclerosis
|December 17, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Irisin, a muscle-secreted cytokine, enhances metabolism by converting white fat cells to thermogenic beige cells. Research explores its therapeutic potential for obesity and diabetes.

Keywords:
Actividad físicaAdipose tissueCitoquinasCytokinesIrisinIrisinaPhysical activityTejido adiposo

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Area of Science:

  • Exercise physiology
  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic research

Context:

  • Exercise-induced irisin cytokine discovery
  • Skeletal muscle secretion
  • Potential role in energetic metabolism

Purpose:

  • Summarize irisin discovery and functions
  • Investigate irisin's effects on white adipose tissue
  • Evaluate irisin as a therapeutic target for obesity and diabetes

Summary:

  • Irisin, a myokine, mediates exercise's metabolic benefits.
  • It promotes white adipose tissue browning and thermogenesis.
  • Numerous studies detail its in vitro and in vivo effects.

Impact:

  • Understanding exercise-induced metabolic improvements
  • Potential therapeutic strategies for metabolic diseases
  • Advancing knowledge on adipose tissue plasticity