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Covert visual search within and beyond the effective oculomotor range.

Daniel T Smith1, Keira Ball1, Amanda Ellison1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Durham University, Queens Campus, Stockton-on-Tees TS17 6BH, UK.

Vision Research
|December 17, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Covert spatial attention, particularly exogenous orienting, is limited to the effective oculomotor range (EOMR). This study found visual search is slower for targets outside this range, supporting a biological constraint on attention.

Keywords:
AttentionCovert visual searchEndogenousExogenousEye movementOculomotor

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Visual Attention
  • Oculomotor System

Background:

  • Covert spatial attention is closely linked to the eye-movement system, but the exact nature of this relationship is debated.
  • Previous studies suggest covert attention shares biological limits with overt eye movements, specifically within the effective oculomotor range (EOMR).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether covert spatial attention is restricted to the effective oculomotor range (EOMR) during visual search tasks.
  • To differentiate the influence of EOMR on exogenous versus endogenous attention.

Main Methods:

  • Visual search tasks (feature search for exogenous attention, conjunction search for endogenous attention) were conducted monocularly.
  • The dominant eye was positioned frontally or abducted by 40°, altering the EOMR.
  • Stimuli presented in the temporal hemispace during eye abduction were beyond the EOMR, while nasal hemifield stimuli remained within it.

Main Results:

  • Eye abduction significantly slowed feature search times for targets presented beyond the EOMR.
  • Eye abduction did not affect search times in the conjunction search task.
  • No interaction was found between set size and target location or eye position.

Conclusions:

  • Optimal covert orienting of exogenous attention during visual search is constrained by the effective oculomotor range (EOMR).
  • This limitation does not appear to apply to endogenous attention.
  • Findings support a biological limit shared between covert attention and the oculomotor system.