Cardiac arrest in a patient with polyarteritis nodosa

Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is a rare necrotizing vasculitis that occurs in small- to medium-sized muscular arteries. A 71-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for an evaluation of a sustained fever and he later died of cardiac arrest. The autopsy revealed that the patient had PAN and severe coronary vasculitis with no signs of cardiac ischemia. The reason for the patient's sudden death remains unclear; however, cardiac arrest due to coronary vasculitis was suggested. This is a rare case of PAN coronary vasculitis that led to sudden death without either stenosis or any embolism.