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The evolution of age-dependent plasticity.

Barbara Fischer1, G Sander van Doorn, Ulf Dieckmann

  • 1Division of Behavioural Ecology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Organisms adjust traits (phenotypic plasticity) based on environmental cues. This study reveals that optimal phenotypic plasticity changes with age, often decreasing near the end of life due to limited future benefits.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Developmental biology
  • Ecology

Background:

  • Phenotypic plasticity allows organisms to adapt to changing environments.
  • Age-dependent variation in plasticity is common but poorly understood.
  • Understanding factors influencing age-specific plasticity is crucial for evolutionary and ecological studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how organisms optimally collect environmental information and adjust phenotypes across different life stages.
  • To model the evolutionary dynamics of age-dependent phenotypic plasticity.
  • To identify key factors shaping age-specific plastic responses.

Main Methods:

  • Developed and analyzed an evolutionary model.
  • Incorporated environmental uncertainty, information accuracy, and adjustment costs.
  • Considered life-history traits like fecundity and viability selection.

Main Results:

  • Phenotypic plasticity often varies non-monotonically with age.
  • Early in life, delaying adjustments allows for better information gathering.
  • Late in life, plasticity is disfavored due to reduced time to benefit from adjustments.

Conclusions:

  • Age-dependent plasticity is shaped by the interplay of environmental factors and life-history trade-offs.
  • The model clarifies optimal strategies for phenotypic adjustment across the lifespan.
  • Results provide a framework for understanding developmental constraints on plasticity.