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Influenza

Influenza

Influenza is an acute, highly communicable viral disease that affects the respiratory tract and is responsible for seasonal epidemics worldwide. Influenza A is the most prevalent type associated with widespread outbreaks and is subtyped based on two surface glycoproteins: hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N), as in H1N1. These glycoproteins are essential for viral infectivity, transmission, and immune recognition. Transmission occurs primarily through respiratory droplets and contaminated...

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Updated: May 4, 2026

Generation of Escape Variants of Neutralizing Influenza Virus Monoclonal Antibodies

Generation of Escape Variants of Neutralizing Influenza Virus Monoclonal Antibodies

Published on: August 29, 2017

A common solution to group 2 influenza virus neutralization.

Robert H E Friesen¹, Peter S Lee, Esther J M Stoop

¹Crucell Vaccine Institute, Janssen Center of Excellence for Immunoprophylaxis, 2333 CN, Leiden, The Netherlands.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

|December 17, 2013

Summary

Researchers discovered a new broadly neutralizing antibody (bnAb), CR8043, targeting group 2 influenza A viruses. This finding advances monoclonal antibody (mAb) immunotherapy and universal influenza vaccine development.

Keywords:

X-ray crystallography antibody recognition electron microscopy

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Published on: April 15, 2017

Area of Science:

Immunology
Virology
Structural Biology

Background:

Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) are crucial for developing universal influenza vaccines and monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based immunotherapies.
A previously identified human bnAb, CR8020, targets group 2 influenza A viruses by binding to a conserved epitope on the hemagglutinin (HA) stem.
This epitope is associated with neutralizing activity against H3, H7, and H10 influenza virus subtypes.

Purpose of the Study:

To report the discovery and characterization of a second human bnAb, CR8043, targeting group 2 influenza A viruses.
To investigate the binding site and neutralizing capabilities of CR8043 against influenza viruses.
To explore the potential of the conserved HA stem epitope for therapeutic and vaccine design.

Main Methods:

Isolation and characterization of a novel broadly neutralizing antibody (bnAb), CR8043.
In vitro neutralization assays against influenza virus strains.
Protection studies in mice challenged with lethal influenza virus doses.
Determination of the crystal structure and cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) reconstructions of the CR8043-hemagglutinin (HA) complex.

Main Results:

CR8043, derived from a distinct germ-line gene, exhibits neutralizing activity against H3 and H10 influenza viruses in vitro.
CR8043 provides protection in mice against lethal H3N2 and H7N7 influenza virus challenge.
Structural analysis revealed that CR8043 binds to the HA stem epitope, similar to CR8020, but via an alternative binding mode and distinct interactions.

Conclusions:

The identification of CR8043 confirms the HA stem as a conserved site of vulnerability on group 2 influenza A viruses.
This conserved epitope holds significant potential for the rational design of universal influenza vaccines and novel mAb-based therapeutics.
The distinct binding characteristics of CR8043 offer new insights for antibody-based influenza strategies.