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Related Concept Videos

Nuclear Protein Sorting01:34

Nuclear Protein Sorting

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Nuclear protein sorting is the selective trafficking of histones, polymerases, gene regulatory proteins into the nucleus and exporting RNAs and ribosomes to the cytosol. It is a tightly controlled process that regulates gene expression within a cell.
Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry nuclear localization signals or NLS recognized by import receptors in the cytosol. Similarly, proteins with nuclear export signals are recognized by export receptors. Import and export receptors are...
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Photoreceptors and Plant Responses to Light02:00

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Light plays a significant role in regulating the growth and development of plants. In addition to providing energy for photosynthesis, light provides other important cues to regulate a range of developmental and physiological responses in plants.
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Nuclear Localization Signals and Import01:46

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Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry short stretches of amino acid sequences called the nuclear localization signal or NLS. Classical nuclear localization signals are of two types: monopartite and bipartite NLS. Monopartite classical NLS (cNLS) consists of a single cluster of 4-8 amino acids. Bipartite cNLS consists of two clusters of  2-3 amino acids and a 9-12 residue long proline-rich linker bridging the two clusters. Signal clusters are rich in positively charged amino acids such as...
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Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting01:45

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Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...
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Nuclear Export01:42

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The nucleus restricts several proteins within and allows others to pass. The restricted proteins possess a nuclear retention sequence or NRS, anchoring them to the nuclear lamins and preventing their transport to the cytosol. The non-restricted proteins, after their synthesis, are transported to their site of action, such as the cytosol or other organelles, with the help of nuclear export signals or NES.
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Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
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Using Changes in Leaf Transmission to Investigate Chloroplast Movement in Arabidopsis thaliana
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Plant nuclear photorelocation movement.

Takeshi Higa1, Noriyuki Suetsugu1, Masamitsu Wada2

  • 1Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.

Journal of Experimental Botany
|December 17, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Nuclear movement in plant cells is light-dependent, unlike in animal cells. This review explores plant nuclear photorelocation and its links to chloroplast movement.

Keywords:
AdiantumArabidopsisactin filamentschloroplast movementneochromenuclear movementphototropin.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Plant Science
  • Organelle Dynamics

Background:

  • Organelle movement and positioning are crucial for cellular functions like division and differentiation.
  • Nuclear movement mechanisms are well-understood in animals and fungi but less so in plants.
  • Light influences nuclear positioning in plant cells, a phenomenon termed nuclear photorelocation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review nuclear movement and positioning in plant cells.
  • To highlight plant-specific nuclear photorelocation.
  • To discuss the relationship between nuclear and chloroplast photorelocation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on plant organelle movement.
  • Analysis of studies on nuclear photorelocation in *Adiantum capillus-veneris* and *Arabidopsis thaliana*.
  • Comparison of nuclear and chloroplast photorelocation mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Light induces nuclear movement in plant cells, dependent on light characteristics (wavelength, intensity, direction).
  • Nuclear photorelocation shares similarities with chloroplast photorelocation.
  • Plant nuclear movement mechanisms remain less elucidated compared to animal and fungal systems.

Conclusions:

  • Nuclear photorelocation is a key aspect of plant cell biology.
  • Understanding nuclear movement in plants provides insights into organelle dynamics.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate plant-specific nuclear movement mechanisms.