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Intensity based methods for brain MRI longitudinal registration. A study on multiple sclerosis patients.

Yago Diez1, Arnau Oliver, Mariano Cabezas

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This study on brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) for Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients found rigid registration is unaffected by MS lesions, while non-rigid methods show significant differences. The research assesses the optimal registration method for longitudinal MS brain MRI analysis.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Neurology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Longitudinal brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) analysis is crucial for tracking disease progression in Multiple Sclerosis (MS).
  • Accurate image registration is essential for reliable longitudinal studies, but the impact of MS lesions on registration accuracy is not fully understood.
  • Existing registration methods may be sensitive to the anatomical changes caused by MS lesions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) lesions on the performance of different brain MRI registration techniques.
  • To identify the most suitable registration method for longitudinal MRI studies in MS patients.
  • To provide a quantitative assessment of registration accuracy in the presence of MS pathology.

Main Methods:

  • Synthetic elimination of MS lesions in brain MRI datasets to evaluate registration robustness.
  • Comparison of rigid and several non-rigid registration algorithms.
  • Statistical analysis including one-way ANOVA, pairwise t-tests, and permutation tests to assess registration differences.

Main Results:

  • Rigid registration methods demonstrated minimal sensitivity to the presence of MS lesions.
  • Non-rigid registration methods exhibited significant variations in output when lesions were present or removed.
  • The study identified specific registration methods that perform better in the context of MS brain imaging.

Conclusions:

  • Rigid registration is a robust choice for longitudinal MS brain MRI when lesion presence is a concern.
  • Careful selection of non-rigid registration techniques is necessary for MS patients due to lesion-induced variability.
  • This work aids in selecting appropriate image registration strategies for MS research, enhancing the reliability of longitudinal analyses.