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Updated: May 4, 2026

The Innovation Arena: A Method for Comparing Innovative Problem-Solving Across Groups
Published on: May 13, 2022
Informative and inspirational contributions of exemplar studies
Abstract:
The authors of this volume showcase the unique insights that can be gained from examining the lives of exemplars. For example, as individuals who stand out for living reflective, ethical lives, exemplars can reveal the human capacity to behave in exceptional ways despite most people's tendency to not exhibit these behaviors. The authors also discuss various advantages of the exemplar approach relative to the typical methods employed by social science. Using a person-centered approach, for instance, enables researchers of exemplar studies to delve more deeply into the details and dynamics of an individual's thought processes and behaviors. Through the combined efforts of the authors, this volume illuminates the potential learning opportunities from studying exemplars, provides accounts of lives that can inspire readers, and suggests potential paths for readers' own spiritual and moral fulfillment.
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E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
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Prospective Study
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