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Related Concept Videos

Coping Strategies: Emotion Focused01:20

Coping Strategies: Emotion Focused

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Emotion-focused coping refers to a set of strategies aimed at managing the emotional impact of stressors, rather than directly addressing their causes. This approach involves altering one's emotional response to stressful situations to reduce their psychological effects. For example, individuals might talk with a friend or engage in activities like journaling to express their feelings. Such actions can help achieve emotional clarity or release, providing the psychological stability needed...
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Coping Strategies: Problem Focused01:27

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Coping strategies are methods people use to manage, tolerate, or reduce the effects of stressors. These strategies involve both behavioral and psychological actions to handle stressful situations. One common approach is problem-focused coping, which aims to change or eliminate the source of stress rather than merely addressing its consequences. This method involves taking direct action to resolve the issue causing stress.
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Lazarus's Cognitive Appraisal Theory01:20

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Cognitive psychologist Richard Lazarus proposed the cognitive-mediational theory of emotions, which emphasizes how individuals' assessments of stressors significantly affect their experience of stress. According to Lazarus, the stress response is determined by a two-step appraisal process: primary appraisal and secondary appraisal. These cognitive appraisals help individuals evaluate the potential impact of a stressor and determine the adequacy of their coping resources.
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Self-Report Tests of Personality01:22

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Self-report inventories are objective personality assessments that use multiple-choice items or numbered scales, typically ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). They are often called Likert scales after Rensis Likert. These inventories are widely used due to their ease of administration and cost-effectiveness. One of the most prominent examples is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), initially developed in the 1940s to assess abnormal personality traits.
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The Influence of Cognition on Affect01:29

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Cognition plays a pivotal role in shaping emotional experiences, as demonstrated by Schachter and Singer’s two-factor theory of emotion. According to this model, emotion arises from a combination of physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation. The body’s physiological response to stimuli is ambiguous and only gains emotional significance through cognitive labeling. For instance, an increased heart rate and adrenaline surge while standing near an attractive person may be...
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People can go to great lengths to protect their self-image and present themselves in ways that they want others to see them. Sociologist Erving Goffman presented the idea that a person is like an actor on a stage. Calling his theory dramaturgy, Goffman believed that we use “impression management” to present ourselves to others as we hope to be perceived. Each situation is a new scene, and individuals perform different roles depending on who is present (Goffman, 1959). Think about...
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Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties
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Frequently Used Coping Scales: A Meta-Analysis.

Tsukasa Kato1

  • 1Department of Social Psychology, Toyo University, Tokyo, Japan.

Stress and Health : Journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress
|December 17, 2013
PubMed
Summary

This review found the COPE and Ways of Coping Questionnaire are the most frequently used coping scales in health research. These scales primarily assess patient coping with health issues.

Keywords:
COPEcoping behaviourmeta-analysisquestionnaireways of coping questionnaire

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Health Research
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Coping scales are vital tools for understanding psychological adaptation.
  • Previous literature reviews have not comprehensively analyzed the frequency of specific coping scale usage.
  • Identifying trends in coping scale application is crucial for research methodology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and report the frequency of coping scale utilization in academic journals.
  • To identify the most commonly employed coping scales and their application contexts.
  • To analyze trends in coping scale use between 1998 and 2010.

Main Methods:

  • A literature search was conducted using the EBSCO database.
  • Two thousand empirical journal articles published between 1998 and 2010 were selected.
  • The frequency of mention for specific coping scales (e.g., COPE, Ways of Coping Questionnaire) was recorded.

Main Results:

  • The COPE (20.2%) and Ways of Coping Questionnaire (13.6%) were the most frequently used coping scales.
  • Coping scales were predominantly used to assess coping with health issues, with patients as the most common participants.
  • Alpha coefficients for COPE subscales and correlations with outcomes like depression and well-being were calculated.

Conclusions:

  • The COPE and Ways of Coping Questionnaire are established instruments in health-related coping research.
  • Future research should consider the prevalence of these scales when designing studies on coping mechanisms.
  • Understanding the application of coping scales informs the development and refinement of psychological assessment tools.