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Related Concept Videos

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language01:10

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Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 4, 2026

Utilizing Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to Improve Language Function in Stroke Patients with Chronic Non-fluent Aphasia
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Predicting speech fluency and naming abilities in aphasic patients.

Jasmine Wang1, Sarah Marchina, Andrea C Norton

  • 1Neuroimaging and Stroke Recovery Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA.

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
|December 17, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Arcuate Fasciculus lesion load (AF-LL) best predicts chronic aphasia outcomes. This structural biomarker accurately identifies patients with severe speech fluency and naming impairments after stroke, aiding clinical stratification.

Keywords:
aphasiadiffusion tensor imagingfluencyfunctional MRIlesion size/volumeoutcometherapy

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurology
  • Speech-Language Pathology

Background:

  • Chronic aphasia after stroke presents significant speech and language challenges.
  • Identifying reliable biomarkers to predict recovery is crucial for personalized treatment.
  • Previous research indicated Arcuate Fasciculus lesion load (AF-LL) as a potential predictor.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the predictive power of structural (AF-LL) and functional gray matter lesion load (fGM-LL) for speech fluency and naming in chronic aphasia.
  • To determine if a combined AF-fGM map improves prediction accuracy.
  • To establish a critical lesion load threshold for severe outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Compared AF-LL and fGM-LL in 50 chronic aphasic patients.
  • Constructed AF and fGM maps from healthy controls using diffusion tensor imaging and functional MRI during speech.
  • Overlaid individual patient lesion masks onto canonical maps to calculate lesion loads.
  • Regressed lesion loads with speech fluency and naming performance measures.

Main Results:

  • Both AF-LL and fGM-LL independently predicted speech fluency and naming.
  • AF-LL explained a greater variance in both speech fluency and naming compared to fGM-LL.
  • A combined AF-fGM map did not offer superior predictive ability.
  • AF-LL accurately stratified patients into severe and non-severe outcome groups (96% for fluency, 90% for naming).
  • An AF-LL threshold of 4 cc identified patients with poor outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Arcuate Fasciculus lesion load is a robust structural biomarker for predicting chronic aphasia severity and outcomes.
  • AF-LL can effectively stratify patients for clinical trials and treatment planning.
  • Lesion load analysis offers a valuable tool for understanding post-stroke language impairments.