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Updated: May 4, 2026

Use of Viral Entry Assays and Molecular Docking Analysis for the Identification of Antiviral Candidates against Coxsackievirus A16
06:03

Use of Viral Entry Assays and Molecular Docking Analysis for the Identification of Antiviral Candidates against Coxsackievirus A16

Published on: July 15, 2019

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Molecular epidemiology of coxsackievirus A16: intratype and prevalent intertype recombination identified

Xiangpeng Chen1, Xiaojuan Tan, Jing Li

  • 1Key Laboratory of Medical Virology Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P. R. of China.

Plos One
|December 17, 2013
PubMed

Insights

Coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16), a key cause of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), shows prevalent B1a and B1b subgenotypes circulating in China. These strains may be recombinant, originating from other enterovirus A donors.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Epidemiology
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) is a major etiological agent of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), particularly in mainland China.
  • CVA16 infections can lead to severe complications and mortality.
  • Understanding the genetic diversity and evolutionary dynamics of CVA16 is crucial for disease control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the genetic characteristics of CVA16 strains in mainland China.
  • To investigate the epidemic patterns and evolutionary history of CVA16.
  • To identify potential recombinant strains within the human enterovirus A species.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive bioinformatics analyses were conducted on 35 CVA16 whole genome sequences (1998-2011).
  • Analysis of 593 complete CVA16 VP1 sequences (1981-2011) and prototype enterovirus A strains.
  • Phylogenetic analysis and identification of recombination events.

Main Results:

  • Subgenotypes B1a and B1b were identified as the predominant circulating strains in mainland China and other Asian countries since 2000.
  • These prevalent subgenotypes (B1a and B1b) have co-circulated for at least 13 years in China.
  • Subgenotype B1c had limited prevalence, and genotype B2 was historically confined to Japan and Malaysia.
  • Evidence suggests that subgenotypes B1a and B1b are potential recombinant viruses with genetic contributions from other enterovirus A species in non-structural protein regions.

Conclusions:

  • Subgenotypes B1a and B1b represent the dominant CVA16 lineages in mainland China, exhibiting long-term co-circulation.
  • The genetic makeup of these prevalent strains indicates a history of recombination within the enterovirus A species.
  • These findings provide insights into the molecular epidemiology and evolution of CVA16, informing public health strategies for HFMD management.

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